Michigan Cross-Tabs: May 2024 Times/Siena Poll

May 13, 2024

Results of a poll by The New York Times and Siena College in Michigan from April 28 to May 9, 2024.

How satisfied are you with the way things are going in your life these days?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Very satisfied	33%	38%	28%	25%	33%	26%	43%	34%	26%	31%	38%	29%	39%	30%	35%	25%	27%	36%	32%	38%	28%	31%	33%	35%	39%	30%	24%	44%	31%	19%	24%	40%	31%	32%	38%	33%	26%
Somewhat satisfied	38%	36%	41%	46%	40%	44%	30%	36%	55%	42%	46%	36%	44%	32%	49%	50%	58%	38%	39%	30%	38%	51%	38%	35%	46%	32%	42%	43%	30%	49%	42%	51%	25%	36%	46%	26%	45%
Not too satisfied	12%	10%	14%	20%	12%	11%	9%	13%	10%	11%	8%	14%	9%	15%	8%	12%	5%	12%	13%	7%	17%	8%	12%	13%	10%	13%	16%	8%	11%	16%	19%	6%	9%	18%	10%	12%	17%
Not at all satisfied	14%	14%	15%	8%	12%	18%	16%	16%	6%	16%	7%	18%	7%	20%	7%	12%	11%	13%	13%	21%	15%	8%	15%	15%	4%	24%	9%	4%	26%	14%	10%	2%	34%	12%	5%	28%	9%
[VOLUNTEERED] Don't know/Refused	2%	2%	3%	<.5%	4%	<1%	2%	2%	3%	0%	1%	3%	1%	2%	1%	2%	0%	<1%	3%	4%	2%	2%	2%	3%	1%	1%	9%	1%	1%	2%	6%	1%	1%	1%	1%	<1%	3%
NET Satisfied	72%	74%	69%	71%	72%	70%	73%	70%	81%	73%	84%	65%	83%	62%	85%	75%	85%	74%	71%	68%	65%	82%	71%	70%	85%	62%	66%	87%	61%	68%	65%	91%	56%	69%	84%	59%	70%
NET Not satisfied	26%	24%	28%	28%	24%	29%	25%	28%	16%	27%	15%	32%	16%	35%	14%	23%	15%	25%	25%	28%	33%	16%	28%	27%	14%	37%	25%	12%	38%	30%	29%	8%	43%	30%	15%	40%	27%
Number of respondents	616	326	287	89	174	186	141	462	80	54	269	342	215	245	47	87	38	200	195	97	86	76	308	232	254	301	61	219	236	57	104	159	146	215	250	211	99
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	50%	16%	24%	30%	25%	74%	12%	10%	32%	66%	25%	49%	7%	15%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	38%	9%	18%	25%	23%	35%	39%	33%	19%

Thinking ahead to the presidential general election, are you almost certain that you will vote, very likely to vote, somewhat likely to vote, not very likely to vote or not at all likely to vote?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Almost certain	54%	55%	53%	30%	47%	63%	62%	58%	32%	41%	63%	49%	68%	53%	42%	33%	39%	52%	54%	60%	58%	50%	53%	57%	62%	52%	31%	65%	60%	33%	29%	63%	58%	51%	63%	62%	25%
Very likely	23%	23%	24%	25%	22%	22%	25%	24%	27%	12%	24%	23%	23%	25%	29%	17%	34%	23%	19%	24%	25%	31%	20%	24%	24%	23%	18%	24%	25%	27%	14%	22%	28%	24%	25%	26%	17%
Somewhat likely	10%	8%	12%	22%	16%	3%	5%	8%	15%	19%	8%	11%	6%	10%	19%	16%	20%	11%	9%	6%	8%	12%	12%	6%	7%	10%	19%	5%	7%	19%	19%	8%	7%	9%	7%	5%	20%
Not very likely	4%	6%	3%	10%	3%	5%	2%	3%	12%	9%	2%	6%	1%	4%	7%	13%	2%	5%	5%	2%	4%	3%	6%	2%	3%	5%	10%	2%	2%	9%	11%	2%	1%	6%	2%	<1%	14%
Not at all likely	8%	7%	9%	13%	10%	6%	6%	6%	13%	19%	2%	11%	2%	7%	3%	21%	4%	7%	12%	5%	5%	3%	8%	9%	5%	9%	17%	3%	5%	9%	24%	4%	6%	9%	2%	5%	23%
[VOL] Already voted	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	<1%	1%	<.5%	0%	2%	0%	<.5%	<1%	<1%	0%	<.5%	1%	0%	1%	0%	<1%	1%	<1%	<1%	2%	0%	<1%	<1%	<1%	0%	<1%	6%	0%	<1%	3%	2%	1%	0%	<1%	<1%	1%	2%
Number of respondents	616	326	287	89	174	186	141	462	80	54	269	342	215	245	47	87	38	200	195	97	86	76	308	232	254	301	61	219	236	57	104	159	146	215	250	211	99
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	50%	16%	24%	30%	25%	74%	12%	10%	32%	66%	25%	49%	7%	15%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	38%	9%	18%	25%	23%	35%	39%	33%	19%

If the 2024 presidential election were held today, who would you vote for if the candidates were:
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Joe Biden, the Democrat	36%	30%	42%	22%	30%	32%	55%	35%	49%	29%	51%	29%	49%	27%	58%	33%	59%	37%	35%	29%	34%	58%	40%	24%	86%	0%	0%	100%	0%	0%	0%	84%	4%	32%	81%	3%	12%
Donald Trump, the Republican	38%	45%	31%	29%	39%	45%	33%	42%	14%	30%	27%	43%	31%	49%	12%	25%	17%	34%	39%	50%	39%	19%	32%	51%	0%	76%	0%	0%	100%	0%	0%	4%	88%	30%	3%	85%	31%
Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the third-party candidate	9%	9%	8%	19%	10%	8%	4%	9%	7%	14%	9%	9%	9%	9%	9%	10%	6%	10%	8%	4%	13%	8%	9%	8%	5%	9%	25%	0%	0%	100%	0%	6%	3%	14%	6%	6%	19%
Jill Stein [stine], the Green Party candidate	1%	1%	2%	3%	2%	<1%	<1%	1%	4%	0%	2%	1%	1%	1%	4%	1%	0%	3%	<.5%	<1%	<1%	0%	3%	<.5%	2%	1%	3%	0%	0%	0%	8%	<.5%	<1%	2%	1%	<1%	2%
[VOL] Cornel West, the third-party candidate	<.5%	<.5%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	0%	2%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	1%	3%	0%	0%	0%	0%	1%	0%	0%	0%	0%	2%	0%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	<1%
Lars Mapstead [map-sted], the Libertarian Party candidate	1%	<.5%	2%	3%	0%	2%	<.5%	<1%	0%	5%	<1%	1%	<1%	<1%	0%	3%	0%	1%	2%	0%	1%	0%	<1%	2%	1%	<1%	3%	0%	0%	0%	7%	<.5%	0%	3%	0%	<.5%	3%
[VOL] Another candidate (specify)	<.5%	<1%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	1%	0%	<1%	<1%	0%	<1%	<.5%	<1%	<.5%	2%	0%	0%	0%	<.5%	2%	<1%	0%	<.5%	<1%	<.5%	<.5%	2%	0%	0%	0%	3%	0%	1%	<1%	<.5%	<.5%	<1%
[VOL] Not going to vote/wouldn't vote if those were the choices	5%	5%	5%	6%	9%	5%	2%	4%	11%	10%	3%	6%	2%	4%	6%	12%	2%	5%	7%	4%	4%	2%	6%	5%	3%	4%	20%	0%	0%	0%	30%	4%	<.5%	7%	3%	<.5%	16%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	9%	9%	10%	18%	9%	5%	6%	8%	14%	11%	7%	10%	6%	8%	8%	14%	15%	9%	8%	12%	7%	12%	8%	9%	2%	8%	47%	0%	0%	0%	52%	2%	2%	11%	4%	4%	16%
Number of respondents	616	326	287	89	174	186	141	462	80	54	269	342	215	245	47	87	38	200	195	97	86	76	308	232	254	301	61	219	236	57	104	159	146	215	250	211	99
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	50%	16%	24%	30%	25%	74%	12%	10%	32%	66%	25%	49%	7%	15%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	38%	9%	18%	25%	23%	35%	39%	33%	19%

(If candidate selected) Are you definitely or probably going to vote for [CANDIDATE SELECTED IN PREVIOUS QUESTION]?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Definitely	71%	73%	69%	45%	62%	76%	86%	72%	61%	70%	69%	72%	68%	74%	73%	62%	67%	73%	71%	73%	71%	65%	73%	72%	73%	73%	22%	77%	78%	26%	44%	80%	81%	62%	76%	79%	45%
Probably	27%	25%	29%	55%	33%	22%	12%	27%	37%	22%	30%	25%	30%	25%	27%	31%	33%	26%	26%	26%	29%	34%	25%	26%	27%	24%	60%	22%	20%	67%	50%	20%	19%	35%	24%	20%	52%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	2%	2%	2%	0%	5%	1%	2%	1%	2%	8%	1%	2%	2%	1%	0%	7%	0%	2%	4%	<1%	0%	1%	2%	2%	<1%	2%	18%	<.5%	2%	7%	6%	<.5%	<1%	3%	<1%	1%	3%
Number of respondents	524	279	242	72	142	159	129	405	61	44	237	284	193	211	40	65	31	174	166	78	75	65	262	197	236	265	23	219	234	57	14	150	139	173	227	197	67
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	14%	23%	31%	27%	77%	11%	9%	34%	65%	27%	50%	7%	13%	6%	33%	32%	15%	14%	12%	50%	38%	46%	50%	3%	42%	44%	10%	3%	28%	26%	33%	42%	37%	15%

(Head to head, combines leaners) If you had to decide between the two today, would you lean more toward:
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Joe Biden, the Democrat	42%	33%	50%	31%	37%	38%	58%	39%	60%	39%	57%	34%	54%	32%	72%	42%	66%	41%	43%	29%	42%	64%	46%	30%	100%	0%	0%	100%	0%	24%	20%	94%	4%	39%	87%	3%	23%
Donald Trump, the Republican	49%	58%	41%	58%	50%	55%	38%	53%	30%	46%	33%	58%	37%	61%	14%	47%	24%	49%	48%	61%	52%	27%	45%	62%	0%	100%	0%	0%	100%	51%	42%	6%	95%	46%	7%	95%	61%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	9%	9%	9%	11%	13%	7%	4%	8%	10%	15%	10%	8%	9%	7%	14%	11%	10%	10%	8%	9%	6%	9%	9%	8%	0%	0%	100%	0%	0%	25%	38%	<.5%	2%	14%	5%	2%	16%
Number of respondents	616	326	287	89	174	186	141	462	80	54	269	342	215	245	47	87	38	200	195	97	86	76	308	232	254	301	61	219	236	57	104	159	146	215	250	211	99
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	50%	16%	24%	30%	25%	74%	12%	10%	32%	66%	25%	49%	7%	15%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	38%	9%	18%	25%	23%	35%	39%	33%	19%

(Recoded to age) In what year were you born?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
18-29	16%	17%	16%	100%	0%	0%	0%	14%	17%	39%	11%	19%	10%	16%	18%	31%	14%	19%	15%	9%	22%	19%	17%	14%	12%	19%	21%	10%	12%	35%	28%	8%	10%	24%	11%	9%	43%
30-44	24%	24%	23%	0%	100%	0%	0%	21%	38%	29%	29%	22%	29%	17%	33%	34%	30%	24%	24%	15%	31%	30%	27%	17%	21%	24%	35%	20%	24%	28%	28%	23%	20%	22%	25%	20%	25%
45-64	30%	28%	32%	0%	0%	100%	0%	32%	26%	20%	34%	29%	33%	32%	35%	18%	36%	27%	32%	33%	27%	29%	25%	38%	28%	33%	23%	27%	36%	27%	25%	27%	35%	28%	29%	37%	24%
65+	25%	24%	26%	0%	0%	0%	100%	29%	20%	8%	19%	28%	22%	32%	9%	17%	21%	24%	26%	36%	15%	20%	23%	29%	34%	19%	12%	38%	22%	10%	12%	38%	29%	22%	33%	26%	9%
Refused	5%	7%	2%	0%	0%	0%	0%	4%	0%	4%	6%	3%	6%	2%	6%	0%	0%	7%	3%	8%	4%	3%	7%	3%	5%	5%	9%	5%	5%	0%	6%	4%	6%	3%	3%	8%	0%
Number of respondents	616	326	287	89	174	186	141	462	80	54	269	342	215	245	47	87	38	200	195	97	86	76	308	232	254	301	61	219	236	57	104	159	146	215	250	211	99
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	50%	16%	24%	30%	25%	74%	12%	10%	32%	66%	25%	49%	7%	15%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	38%	9%	18%	25%	23%	35%	39%	33%	19%

What is the highest educational level that you have completed?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Grade school	3%	4%	1%	2%	2%	3%	4%	3%	0%	4%	0%	4%	0%	4%	0%	2%	0%	1%	4%	3%	3%	5%	1%	4%	1%	4%	1%	<1%	4%	0%	4%	3%	5%	<1%	<1%	5%	4%
High school	31%	29%	33%	47%	23%	25%	36%	30%	31%	43%	0%	47%	0%	45%	0%	52%	35%	25%	36%	39%	23%	29%	27%	36%	26%	36%	23%	26%	34%	31%	35%	26%	32%	32%	25%	26%	52%
Vocational or trade school	4%	5%	3%	5%	5%	4%	3%	4%	6%	7%	0%	6%	0%	6%	0%	9%	12%	3%	5%	2%	3%	7%	3%	5%	4%	4%	4%	4%	5%	5%	3%	3%	4%	4%	3%	5%	6%
Some college, no degree	19%	18%	20%	15%	19%	16%	25%	19%	25%	12%	0%	28%	0%	29%	0%	27%	14%	20%	18%	18%	20%	14%	20%	18%	13%	23%	22%	13%	22%	24%	19%	15%	25%	18%	13%	24%	18%
Associate’s degree	10%	9%	11%	9%	10%	15%	6%	11%	8%	5%	0%	15%	0%	17%	0%	9%	10%	8%	10%	15%	9%	12%	8%	13%	9%	11%	9%	9%	11%	7%	11%	9%	11%	10%	9%	11%	10%
Bachelor's degree	20%	20%	20%	17%	28%	22%	11%	22%	16%	14%	61%	0%	65%	0%	50%	0%	18%	25%	13%	15%	31%	20%	23%	16%	27%	14%	18%	28%	15%	26%	13%	24%	13%	22%	30%	17%	7%
Graduate or professional degree	13%	14%	12%	5%	12%	15%	15%	12%	15%	16%	39%	0%	35%	0%	50%	0%	11%	17%	12%	9%	8%	10%	16%	9%	17%	8%	19%	18%	9%	7%	12%	17%	9%	12%	19%	11%	2%
[VOL] Refused	2%	2%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	1%	1%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	2%	2%	0%	2%	3%	3%	0%	2%	1%	3%	2%	<1%	0%	4%	3%	0%	<1%	<1%	2%	0%
Number of respondents	616	326	287	89	174	186	141	462	80	54	269	342	215	245	47	87	38	200	195	97	86	76	308	232	254	301	61	219	236	57	104	159	146	215	250	211	99
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	50%	16%	24%	30%	25%	74%	12%	10%	32%	66%	25%	49%	7%	15%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	38%	9%	18%	25%	23%	35%	39%	33%	19%

Would you consider yourself:
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
White	73%	74%	73%	64%	65%	79%	85%	99%	0%	0%	77%	72%	100%	98%	0%	0%	15%	67%	82%	89%	76%	39%	71%	87%	70%	78%	62%	71%	83%	74%	56%	63%	91%	77%	70%	88%	61%
Hispanic or Latino	4%	3%	4%	5%	4%	3%	1%	0%	0%	37%	4%	4%	0%	0%	18%	15%	5%	3%	5%	<1%	4%	7%	4%	2%	4%	2%	6%	4%	2%	6%	4%	6%	<.5%	2%	4%	1%	4%
Black or African American	12%	12%	13%	13%	19%	10%	10%	0%	100%	0%	12%	13%	0%	0%	57%	56%	74%	15%	5%	1%	6%	46%	13%	<1%	18%	7%	14%	17%	5%	10%	21%	23%	<1%	12%	18%	2%	17%
Asian	2%	1%	2%	5%	2%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	16%	2%	1%	0%	0%	11%	5%	0%	1%	<.5%	0%	8%	1%	2%	1%	2%	2%	<1%	1%	2%	<1%	1%	2%	2%	<1%	1%	2%	0%
American Indian or Alaska Native	<1%	2%	0%	2%	1%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	8%	<.5%	1%	0%	0%	1%	5%	3%	<1%	<.5%	3%	0%	1%	<1%	1%	<.5%	<.5%	6%	<.5%	<1%	2%	2%	<.5%	0%	2%	<.5%	0%	4%
Middle Eastern or North African	1%	2%	<1%	2%	<1%	2%	0%	0%	0%	13%	2%	<1%	0%	0%	10%	4%	0%	4%	0%	0%	0%	0%	2%	0%	<1%	1%	3%	0%	1%	5%	3%	2%	1%	<.5%	1%	<1%	<.5%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander	<.5%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	<.5%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%
[VOL] Some other race (specify)	2%	1%	3%	2%	3%	1%	1%	1%	0%	11%	<.5%	3%	0%	2%	0%	7%	0%	2%	3%	2%	2%	0%	1%	4%	1%	2%	6%	1%	1%	1%	6%	<1%	<1%	4%	<.5%	<.5%	5%
[VOL] More than one race	1%	<1%	2%	6%	1%	<.5%	<1%	0%	0%	15%	<1%	2%	0%	0%	3%	8%	4%	1%	2%	0%	<1%	3%	2%	<.5%	2%	2%	0%	1%	<.5%	2%	3%	2%	<1%	<.5%	2%	0%	4%
[VOL] Refused	4%	5%	2%	0%	3%	4%	1%	0%	0%	0%	3%	3%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	6%	2%	4%	4%	3%	4%	3%	3%	4%	3%	3%	4%	0%	5%	2%	3%	2%	3%	5%	4%
Number of respondents	616	326	287	89	174	186	141	462	80	54	269	342	215	245	47	87	38	200	195	97	86	76	308	232	254	301	61	219	236	57	104	159	146	215	250	211	99
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	50%	16%	24%	30%	25%	74%	12%	10%	32%	66%	25%	49%	7%	15%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	38%	9%	18%	25%	23%	35%	39%	33%	19%

Note: Responses to questions after this point are reported only for respondents who completed the entire questionnaire.
Do you consider yourself a Democrat, a Republican, an independent or a member of another party?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Democrat	27%	21%	32%	13%	26%	27%	36%	22%	50%	42%	34%	23%	29%	17%	57%	42%	50%	24%	29%	17%	29%	47%	29%	18%	62%	2%	2%	64%	1%	20%	11%	100%	0%	0%	60%	<1%	7%
Republican	26%	27%	27%	19%	24%	29%	31%	32%	2%	15%	18%	31%	20%	38%	7%	8%	2%	23%	27%	40%	28%	10%	22%	38%	<1%	53%	3%	<1%	61%	9%	8%	0%	100%	0%	1%	66%	14%
Independent	36%	40%	33%	54%	33%	33%	32%	38%	38%	26%	35%	37%	38%	37%	26%	34%	38%	39%	34%	32%	38%	34%	37%	36%	33%	33%	70%	31%	27%	60%	56%	0%	0%	100%	32%	26%	59%
Another party	4%	5%	3%	5%	6%	5%	<.5%	4%	4%	3%	2%	4%	2%	5%	1%	5%	1%	4%	3%	6%	4%	<1%	3%	6%	2%	6%	2%	2%	5%	7%	3%	0%	0%	0%	3%	3%	7%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	7%	8%	6%	9%	11%	6%	<1%	5%	7%	15%	11%	5%	10%	3%	8%	11%	8%	10%	7%	4%	1%	8%	9%	4%	3%	7%	23%	3%	6%	5%	21%	0%	0%	0%	4%	4%	13%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

Who did you vote for in the 2020 presidential election between Donald Trump and Joe Biden, or did you not vote?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Donald Trump	34%	40%	30%	22%	30%	42%	37%	42%	6%	16%	29%	38%	33%	46%	9%	11%	8%	34%	31%	51%	36%	14%	29%	48%	1%	68%	7%	1%	77%	18%	11%	1%	86%	25%	0%	100%	0%
Joe Biden	40%	32%	49%	25%	41%	41%	50%	36%	61%	42%	60%	31%	54%	28%	81%	40%	62%	40%	39%	27%	50%	59%	46%	27%	85%	5%	27%	91%	3%	27%	28%	90%	2%	36%	100%	0%	0%
I did not vote	20%	22%	19%	51%	23%	15%	8%	18%	28%	36%	6%	27%	8%	22%	0%	45%	27%	20%	23%	19%	13%	23%	19%	21%	10%	25%	43%	6%	18%	51%	40%	5%	10%	33%	0%	0%	100%
[VOL] Someone else	2%	2%	1%	<.5%	3%	2%	1%	2%	<1%	0%	2%	2%	2%	2%	1%	0%	0%	<1%	3%	3%	<1%	<1%	<1%	3%	2%	<1%	4%	<1%	1%	2%	5%	1%	<1%	3%	0%	0%	0%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	3%	4%	2%	1%	3%	<1%	4%	2%	5%	6%	3%	2%	2%	<1%	9%	4%	3%	5%	4%	<.5%	<.5%	3%	5%	2%	2%	2%	19%	1%	1%	2%	16%	2%	<.5%	3%	0%	0%	0%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

(Excluding “I did not vote”) Who did you vote for in the 2020 presidential election between Donald Trump and Joe Biden, or did you not vote?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Donald Trump	43%	51%	37%	46%	39%	49%	40%	50%	8%	24%	31%	52%	36%	60%	9%	19%	11%	43%	40%	63%	41%	19%	36%	61%	1%	90%	11%	2%	94%	37%	18%	1%	97%	37%	0%	100%	-
Joe Biden	51%	41%	60%	50%	53%	48%	55%	44%	84%	66%	64%	43%	59%	36%	81%	73%	85%	49%	51%	33%	58%	77%	57%	33%	94%	7%	48%	96%	3%	55%	47%	95%	2%	54%	100%	0%	-
[VOL] Someone else	2%	3%	2%	1%	4%	2%	1%	3%	<1%	0%	2%	2%	2%	3%	1%	0%	0%	<1%	4%	3%	<1%	1%	1%	4%	2%	1%	8%	<1%	1%	5%	9%	1%	<1%	4%	0%	0%	-
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	4%	5%	2%	3%	4%	<1%	4%	3%	7%	10%	3%	3%	2%	1%	9%	8%	4%	7%	5%	<1%	<1%	3%	6%	2%	2%	2%	33%	1%	1%	3%	26%	2%	<1%	5%	0%	0%	-
Number of respondents	438	230	205	43	120	144	114	343	53	28	223	212	178	163	38	43	24	147	137	63	67	54	228	156	210	197	31	186	171	30	51	137	122	139	228	184
Percent of total electorate	100%	49%	50%	10%	23%	33%	29%	77%	11%	9%	37%	62%	27%	48%	8%	11%	6%	33%	31%	16%	15%	12%	50%	38%	47%	46%	6%	42%	41%	6%	11%	32%	30%	30%	51%	43%

(If not supporting Biden) Would you say there’s some chance you will support Joe Biden or not really any chance?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Some chance	5%	4%	6%	10%	6%	3%	0%	3%	12%	9%	6%	4%	4%	3%	15%	9%	9%	6%	2%	7%	5%	5%	5%	4%	0%	5%	24%	0%	3%	5%	20%	2%	2%	8%	5%	2%	6%
Not really any chance	52%	64%	41%	58%	54%	54%	46%	57%	26%	48%	38%	60%	43%	65%	14%	45%	20%	55%	50%	67%	51%	27%	48%	66%	0%	94%	67%	0%	96%	68%	50%	2%	97%	53%	7%	96%	71%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	1%	<1%	1%	<.5%	3%	<1%	1%	1%	0%	0%	1%	1%	2%	1%	0%	0%	0%	2%	2%	0%	<1%	0%	1%	2%	0%	<1%	9%	0%	<.5%	0%	7%	0%	0%	2%	0%	<.5%	2%
[PREVIOUSLY] Joe Biden	42%	31%	52%	31%	37%	42%	52%	38%	62%	44%	55%	35%	52%	31%	71%	46%	71%	38%	47%	26%	43%	68%	45%	29%	100%	0%	0%	100%	0%	28%	23%	96%	<1%	38%	88%	1%	20%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

(If not supporting Trump) Would you say there’s some chance you will support Donald Trump or not really any chance?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Some chance	4%	4%	4%	5%	4%	4%	3%	3%	6%	8%	5%	4%	4%	3%	7%	7%	6%	5%	3%	4%	3%	4%	4%	4%	4%	0%	24%	3%	0%	15%	10%	3%	<1%	7%	4%	<1%	7%
Not really any chance	45%	36%	54%	33%	45%	44%	55%	42%	64%	50%	61%	37%	56%	34%	82%	48%	66%	43%	52%	28%	46%	68%	51%	31%	95%	0%	64%	97%	0%	42%	45%	93%	<1%	48%	90%	2%	30%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	1%	2%	<1%	2%	2%	<1%	0%	1%	2%	0%	2%	<1%	3%	<.5%	0%	2%	4%	3%	<1%	0%	0%	2%	2%	<.5%	<1%	0%	11%	0%	0%	0%	9%	<1%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	3%
[PREVIOUSLY] Donald Trump	49%	58%	41%	60%	49%	51%	42%	54%	28%	42%	32%	58%	37%	63%	10%	44%	23%	49%	44%	67%	52%	25%	43%	65%	0%	100%	0%	0%	100%	43%	36%	4%	98%	45%	6%	97%	60%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

(If candidate selected in presidential race, including third-party candidates) What is the MAIN reason you are planning to vote for [CANDIDATE SELECTED]?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
[VOL] Positive view of candidate's policies	30%	30%	29%	29%	25%	32%	30%	31%	19%	34%	20%	33%	21%	34%	20%	29%	24%	28%	34%	39%	16%	28%	28%	32%	28%	32%	15%	26%	32%	34%	26%	30%	30%	30%	24%	31%	42%
[VOL] Negative view of opponent's policies	5%	6%	3%	8%	6%	3%	4%	5%	4%	6%	3%	5%	3%	6%	3%	6%	3%	4%	7%	3%	3%	2%	4%	6%	5%	5%	3%	4%	4%	8%	10%	5%	5%	4%	3%	6%	3%
[VOL] Positive view of candidate's character/competence	18%	13%	22%	13%	15%	15%	27%	18%	14%	24%	15%	19%	17%	18%	9%	23%	10%	19%	19%	12%	20%	17%	18%	18%	18%	16%	30%	18%	17%	22%	0%	24%	19%	13%	20%	16%	17%
[VOL] Negative view of opponent's character/competence	18%	19%	17%	16%	23%	19%	14%	17%	23%	13%	30%	13%	28%	12%	34%	11%	15%	19%	16%	10%	29%	20%	22%	12%	27%	9%	33%	28%	6%	30%	21%	18%	6%	28%	30%	9%	7%
[VOL] Voting to support a political party	6%	4%	8%	10%	3%	9%	4%	7%	9%	0%	6%	6%	7%	7%	4%	4%	9%	6%	2%	8%	14%	5%	5%	8%	7%	5%	14%	7%	5%	5%	17%	8%	6%	5%	6%	7%	5%
[VOL] The economy (including jobs and the stock market)	11%	14%	9%	11%	13%	13%	8%	12%	4%	12%	13%	10%	11%	13%	16%	4%	13%	10%	10%	20%	6%	8%	9%	15%	3%	19%	0%	4%	21%	2%	0%	4%	20%	8%	3%	19%	14%
[VOL] Inflation/the cost of living	2%	4%	0%	7%	1%	1%	0%	1%	3%	3%	1%	2%	1%	1%	0%	5%	5%	3%	0%	0%	3%	2%	2%	1%	0%	4%	0%	0%	4%	0%	0%	<1%	2%	2%	0%	2%	5%
[VOL] Abortion	1%	0%	2%	1%	2%	1%	<1%	2%	0%	0%	1%	1%	1%	2%	0%	0%	0%	1%	<.5%	1%	3%	0%	2%	<1%	2%	<.5%	0%	2%	<.5%	0%	0%	3%	<1%	<1%	2%	<.5%	0%
[VOL] Immigration	3%	4%	1%	0%	2%	2%	6%	4%	0%	0%	2%	3%	2%	4%	0%	0%	0%	<1%	3%	6%	4%	0%	2%	5%	0%	6%	0%	0%	6%	0%	0%	0%	7%	2%	1%	6%	2%
[VOL] The state of democracy/corruption	<1%	<1%	1%	<1%	0%	1%	2%	1%	0%	0%	3%	0%	4%	0%	0%	0%	0%	2%	1%	0%	0%	0%	1%	<1%	2%	<.5%	0%	2%	<.5%	0%	0%	1%	0%	1%	2%	<.5%	0%
[VOL] Other (specify)	2%	2%	2%	0%	4%	2%	2%	1%	7%	4%	3%	2%	<1%	2%	9%	4%	5%	2%	3%	0%	2%	6%	3%	<.5%	3%	1%	6%	3%	1%	0%	8%	3%	1%	3%	4%	1%	0%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	4%	2%	5%	4%	7%	1%	3%	1%	17%	5%	3%	4%	3%	<1%	5%	14%	17%	5%	3%	<1%	<1%	11%	4%	<1%	5%	3%	0%	5%	2%	0%	18%	3%	3%	3%	4%	2%	4%
Number of respondents	450	245	202	60	121	143	111	355	52	33	210	238	174	180	32	53	27	153	143	61	66	58	229	163	209	222	19	193	199	48	10	135	126	152	206	174	56
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	15%	23%	32%	27%	76%	11%	10%	32%	67%	25%	51%	6%	15%	6%	33%	33%	15%	14%	13%	49%	38%	45%	51%	4%	41%	45%	11%	3%	29%	29%	33%	42%	38%	17%

(If supporting Kennedy in presidential race) Are you mostly voting FOR Robert F. Kennedy Jr. or AGAINST the other candidates in the race?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
For Robert F. Kennedy Jr.	53%	52%	53%	60%	20%	58%	74%	58%	46%	36%	39%	59%	28%	74%	73%	26%	0%	72%	47%	58%	18%	0%	57%	57%	54%	56%	46%	-	-	53%	-	39%	42%	58%	47%	45%	63%
Against the other candidates	47%	48%	47%	40%	80%	42%	26%	42%	54%	64%	61%	41%	72%	26%	27%	74%	100%	28%	53%	42%	82%	100%	43%	43%	46%	44%	54%	-	-	47%	-	61%	58%	42%	53%	55%	37%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	-	-	0%	-	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%
Number of respondents	48	27	21	13	13	14	8	37	5	6	21	27	19	18	2	9	3	18	16	4	7	5	25	18	12	20	16			48		9	5	28	16	11	18
Percent of total electorate	100%	57%	43%	34%	22%	30%	14%	71%	8%	21%	31%	69%	24%	47%	8%	21%	4%	43%	30%	9%	13%	8%	54%	38%	28%	43%	30%			100%		20%	9%	60%	27%	18%	51%

In general, how satisfied are you with your choice of candidates in this fall’s presidential election?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Very satisfied	24%	23%	25%	3%	18%	25%	44%	28%	14%	7%	16%	28%	19%	32%	6%	13%	17%	21%	30%	35%	10%	19%	22%	29%	19%	32%	6%	22%	38%	12%	3%	25%	43%	15%	17%	40%	14%
Somewhat satisfied	33%	34%	33%	44%	32%	30%	29%	32%	44%	33%	34%	34%	33%	32%	41%	38%	41%	32%	29%	38%	36%	34%	30%	38%	40%	30%	19%	41%	32%	35%	18%	43%	31%	27%	38%	29%	35%
Not too satisfied	18%	16%	19%	25%	21%	17%	12%	18%	16%	17%	18%	18%	20%	18%	11%	19%	17%	19%	19%	13%	17%	23%	20%	12%	21%	15%	15%	21%	14%	23%	16%	17%	10%	26%	20%	15%	18%
Not at all satisfied	22%	23%	21%	25%	26%	26%	12%	20%	25%	36%	30%	18%	26%	16%	41%	25%	22%	26%	17%	13%	34%	18%	26%	18%	18%	18%	58%	14%	13%	30%	60%	13%	14%	29%	24%	13%	28%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	3%	4%	2%	3%	3%	2%	3%	2%	<1%	7%	2%	3%	2%	2%	1%	5%	3%	2%	5%	<1%	3%	6%	2%	3%	2%	4%	<1%	2%	4%	0%	4%	2%	3%	3%	1%	3%	5%
NET Satisfied	58%	58%	57%	47%	51%	55%	73%	60%	58%	40%	50%	61%	51%	64%	47%	51%	58%	53%	60%	74%	47%	54%	52%	67%	59%	63%	25%	64%	69%	47%	21%	68%	74%	43%	55%	69%	50%
NET Not satisfied	39%	38%	41%	50%	46%	42%	24%	38%	41%	53%	48%	35%	46%	33%	52%	45%	39%	45%	36%	26%	51%	41%	46%	30%	39%	33%	74%	35%	27%	53%	76%	30%	24%	54%	44%	28%	46%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

How often do you pay attention to what's going on in government and politics?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Always	31%	35%	27%	14%	24%	38%	40%	33%	25%	21%	38%	28%	39%	30%	36%	18%	34%	34%	33%	27%	25%	35%	32%	29%	31%	33%	25%	35%	35%	12%	25%	34%	40%	26%	33%	40%	14%
Most of the time	36%	36%	38%	27%	40%	36%	41%	36%	32%	42%	34%	38%	33%	38%	37%	36%	24%	35%	37%	40%	40%	35%	36%	37%	41%	35%	21%	41%	37%	33%	27%	40%	38%	38%	40%	35%	33%
About half of the time	15%	14%	15%	23%	19%	11%	9%	14%	12%	25%	14%	15%	14%	14%	14%	20%	15%	12%	10%	22%	25%	14%	12%	18%	15%	12%	27%	14%	12%	30%	13%	11%	9%	17%	15%	10%	21%
Some of the time	12%	11%	13%	22%	11%	10%	8%	12%	19%	5%	10%	13%	8%	14%	13%	12%	22%	13%	13%	8%	6%	13%	12%	12%	11%	12%	13%	10%	10%	20%	17%	14%	9%	12%	11%	10%	15%
Never	6%	5%	7%	14%	7%	5%	1%	4%	12%	7%	4%	6%	5%	4%	0%	14%	6%	6%	7%	3%	4%	3%	7%	4%	1%	8%	14%	<1%	6%	5%	17%	1%	5%	7%	1%	5%	16%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	<.5%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	0%	<.5%	<.5%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

Do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Strongly approve	16%	13%	18%	2%	7%	14%	35%	16%	16%	15%	16%	15%	16%	16%	15%	15%	26%	13%	22%	11%	10%	24%	16%	12%	37%	<1%	0%	43%	0%	0%	3%	44%	<.5%	9%	34%	0%	6%
Somewhat approve	22%	18%	25%	23%	30%	18%	17%	17%	39%	34%	31%	18%	28%	12%	45%	34%	39%	20%	19%	22%	26%	36%	23%	17%	46%	5%	9%	45%	4%	17%	16%	42%	2%	24%	42%	1%	17%
Somewhat disapprove	14%	14%	15%	34%	10%	15%	6%	13%	18%	17%	15%	14%	13%	13%	16%	18%	10%	15%	15%	8%	21%	9%	17%	13%	14%	11%	33%	10%	7%	40%	28%	9%	8%	22%	12%	9%	24%
Strongly disapprove	45%	53%	38%	38%	49%	49%	41%	51%	22%	33%	35%	51%	39%	57%	21%	30%	22%	48%	42%	56%	44%	27%	41%	56%	1%	83%	39%	<1%	89%	35%	41%	3%	90%	40%	8%	89%	47%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	3%	2%	4%	3%	4%	3%	<1%	2%	5%	<.5%	4%	2%	4%	2%	3%	3%	2%	3%	3%	3%	0%	3%	3%	2%	2%	<.5%	18%	1%	0%	7%	11%	2%	0%	5%	3%	<.5%	6%
NET Approve	38%	31%	43%	25%	37%	32%	53%	34%	55%	49%	46%	33%	44%	28%	60%	49%	66%	33%	41%	33%	35%	61%	39%	29%	83%	5%	9%	88%	4%	17%	19%	86%	2%	33%	77%	1%	23%
NET Disapprove	59%	67%	53%	72%	59%	65%	46%	64%	40%	50%	50%	64%	52%	70%	37%	48%	32%	63%	56%	64%	65%	36%	58%	69%	15%	95%	73%	11%	96%	76%	69%	12%	98%	63%	21%	98%	71%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

Tell me whether you have a very favorable, somewhat favorable, somewhat unfavorable or very unfavorable opinion of each of the following.
Donald Trump
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Very favorable	27%	30%	26%	16%	32%	28%	30%	29%	15%	27%	17%	33%	18%	35%	8%	26%	9%	27%	28%	43%	18%	14%	24%	36%	0%	55%	4%	0%	66%	3%	7%	1%	71%	15%	2%	64%	21%
Somewhat favorable	16%	23%	9%	27%	16%	16%	9%	19%	12%	4%	9%	20%	10%	24%	3%	10%	18%	15%	15%	18%	18%	15%	13%	20%	2%	29%	12%	1%	27%	20%	20%	3%	20%	20%	2%	25%	26%
Somewhat unfavorable	11%	12%	9%	21%	6%	11%	10%	10%	14%	14%	10%	11%	12%	8%	2%	19%	12%	13%	7%	7%	16%	6%	11%	11%	6%	12%	23%	3%	6%	40%	19%	4%	7%	20%	5%	7%	27%
Very unfavorable	44%	34%	54%	36%	43%	44%	50%	42%	52%	55%	64%	35%	58%	33%	87%	40%	55%	44%	49%	32%	45%	59%	50%	32%	90%	4%	52%	93%	1%	38%	47%	89%	2%	44%	90%	3%	23%
[VOL] Have not heard of	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	2%	<1%	2%	<.5%	3%	1%	1%	<1%	6%	0%	1%	2%	2%	<.5%	0%	5%	5%	2%	<1%	0%	2%	5%	1%	<.5%	1%	<.5%	9%	2%	0%	0%	6%	3%	0%	1%	2%	0%	3%
NET Favorable	43%	53%	34%	43%	49%	44%	39%	48%	27%	31%	25%	53%	28%	58%	11%	36%	27%	41%	43%	61%	37%	29%	37%	56%	2%	83%	17%	1%	93%	23%	27%	4%	91%	35%	3%	90%	47%
NET Unfavorable	55%	46%	63%	57%	48%	55%	59%	51%	67%	69%	74%	46%	70%	41%	89%	59%	67%	57%	56%	39%	61%	66%	61%	43%	97%	16%	74%	97%	7%	77%	67%	93%	9%	64%	95%	10%	50%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

Joe Biden
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Very favorable	17%	14%	20%	2%	10%	20%	32%	18%	19%	17%	21%	15%	20%	16%	27%	14%	20%	16%	21%	15%	14%	22%	18%	15%	41%	<.5%	<1%	48%	<1%	0%	<.5%	50%	<1%	9%	40%	<1%	4%
Somewhat favorable	23%	19%	26%	27%	26%	15%	23%	17%	43%	32%	29%	19%	26%	13%	44%	36%	50%	20%	23%	17%	22%	42%	24%	15%	48%	5%	4%	46%	4%	25%	15%	42%	2%	26%	42%	2%	19%
Somewhat unfavorable	13%	15%	11%	33%	10%	12%	4%	11%	17%	17%	14%	12%	14%	10%	13%	19%	6%	16%	7%	15%	20%	6%	14%	13%	8%	13%	35%	5%	8%	34%	32%	4%	6%	23%	10%	11%	23%
Very unfavorable	46%	52%	41%	37%	51%	50%	42%	52%	18%	33%	35%	51%	39%	59%	17%	29%	22%	47%	47%	53%	44%	28%	42%	56%	3%	82%	49%	1%	88%	41%	44%	3%	91%	41%	8%	87%	51%
[VOL] Have not heard of	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	1%	1%	1%	<.5%	3%	2%	0%	1%	2%	0%	<1%	1%	1%	1%	0%	2%	3%	2%	2%	0%	0%	1%	2%	<.5%	<.5%	<.5%	11%	0%	0%	0%	9%	<.5%	0%	2%	<.5%	0%	4%
NET Favorable	40%	33%	46%	30%	36%	35%	55%	35%	62%	49%	50%	35%	46%	30%	71%	50%	69%	35%	45%	32%	36%	65%	42%	30%	89%	5%	5%	94%	5%	25%	15%	93%	3%	35%	82%	2%	23%
NET Unfavorable	59%	66%	52%	70%	61%	63%	45%	64%	35%	51%	49%	64%	53%	69%	29%	48%	28%	63%	53%	68%	64%	34%	57%	69%	11%	95%	84%	6%	95%	75%	76%	7%	97%	63%	18%	98%	74%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Very favorable	5%	5%	5%	8%	8%	5%	1%	5%	7%	0%	4%	5%	4%	6%	1%	5%	4%	8%	3%	4%	3%	5%	6%	4%	<1%	8%	8%	<.5%	4%	27%	2%	<1%	3%	8%	2%	6%	11%
Somewhat favorable	33%	37%	29%	31%	31%	36%	31%	34%	24%	32%	30%	34%	31%	36%	25%	29%	18%	36%	34%	38%	22%	25%	30%	38%	20%	39%	56%	13%	40%	68%	35%	20%	40%	37%	20%	42%	38%
Somewhat unfavorable	19%	19%	19%	24%	16%	14%	25%	18%	16%	24%	20%	19%	19%	18%	26%	18%	18%	21%	18%	15%	20%	13%	21%	18%	22%	18%	11%	24%	19%	5%	15%	19%	22%	22%	22%	20%	13%
Very unfavorable	20%	20%	20%	10%	17%	18%	31%	21%	19%	16%	27%	16%	28%	18%	28%	13%	25%	18%	19%	20%	24%	22%	20%	19%	35%	9%	6%	39%	10%	0%	14%	37%	9%	18%	36%	8%	7%
[VOL] Have not heard of	10%	6%	14%	16%	11%	11%	3%	9%	16%	10%	8%	10%	8%	9%	11%	14%	6%	8%	11%	12%	12%	9%	12%	8%	8%	12%	12%	8%	11%	0%	19%	8%	10%	6%	7%	10%	16%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	14%	13%	14%	11%	17%	16%	9%	12%	18%	17%	10%	15%	11%	13%	9%	21%	30%	9%	14%	10%	20%	27%	11%	12%	15%	13%	7%	16%	14%	0%	15%	15%	17%	8%	14%	13%	14%
NET Favorable	38%	42%	34%	39%	38%	40%	32%	40%	31%	32%	34%	39%	35%	42%	26%	34%	22%	44%	37%	43%	24%	29%	36%	42%	21%	47%	64%	13%	45%	95%	37%	21%	42%	45%	21%	48%	49%
NET Unfavorable	39%	39%	39%	34%	33%	32%	55%	39%	35%	40%	47%	35%	47%	36%	54%	31%	42%	40%	37%	35%	44%	34%	41%	38%	57%	28%	17%	63%	29%	5%	30%	56%	31%	40%	58%	29%	21%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

Joe Rogan [roh-gun], the podcast host
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Very favorable	11%	15%	7%	14%	16%	11%	4%	13%	2%	7%	6%	14%	7%	16%	2%	5%	10%	7%	13%	13%	13%	13%	8%	15%	1%	21%	6%	1%	23%	8%	6%	<.5%	23%	11%	<1%	19%	20%
Somewhat favorable	22%	27%	18%	44%	27%	21%	8%	21%	19%	37%	17%	25%	19%	23%	14%	33%	13%	26%	20%	23%	21%	16%	23%	24%	11%	33%	17%	9%	31%	32%	25%	13%	29%	25%	11%	28%	36%
Somewhat unfavorable	13%	10%	15%	13%	15%	12%	11%	13%	16%	15%	17%	11%	15%	11%	24%	12%	11%	13%	12%	16%	13%	12%	13%	13%	21%	6%	15%	23%	6%	9%	9%	16%	8%	16%	20%	8%	6%
Very unfavorable	19%	20%	18%	12%	20%	15%	25%	18%	18%	23%	27%	14%	28%	13%	28%	17%	24%	17%	20%	14%	24%	29%	20%	14%	30%	10%	16%	32%	8%	19%	15%	28%	9%	18%	32%	9%	10%
[VOL] Have not heard of	21%	13%	28%	11%	14%	23%	30%	22%	26%	10%	20%	21%	17%	23%	22%	17%	19%	19%	26%	19%	17%	18%	21%	22%	25%	18%	21%	22%	19%	14%	29%	27%	18%	15%	23%	20%	14%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	14%	14%	14%	6%	9%	17%	21%	14%	19%	8%	13%	15%	14%	14%	9%	16%	22%	18%	9%	14%	12%	12%	15%	14%	12%	13%	24%	13%	13%	19%	15%	15%	14%	16%	13%	16%	14%
NET Favorable	33%	42%	26%	58%	43%	32%	13%	34%	21%	44%	24%	39%	26%	39%	17%	38%	23%	34%	33%	36%	35%	29%	31%	39%	12%	53%	24%	10%	53%	41%	32%	13%	52%	36%	12%	47%	56%
NET Unfavorable	32%	31%	33%	25%	34%	28%	36%	30%	33%	38%	44%	25%	43%	24%	52%	29%	35%	30%	32%	30%	36%	41%	33%	26%	51%	16%	32%	55%	14%	27%	24%	45%	17%	34%	52%	18%	16%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

What one issue is most important in deciding your vote this November?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
[VOL] The economy (including jobs and the stock market)	20%	20%	19%	21%	15%	24%	19%	20%	16%	19%	21%	18%	21%	20%	20%	16%	11%	23%	16%	23%	20%	16%	21%	19%	16%	24%	14%	15%	22%	21%	23%	15%	24%	16%	16%	22%	20%
[VOL] Inflation and the cost of living	7%	9%	5%	7%	9%	6%	4%	7%	6%	8%	5%	8%	7%	7%	0%	10%	7%	8%	5%	4%	13%	9%	7%	7%	4%	11%	0%	4%	11%	8%	3%	5%	9%	8%	4%	9%	11%
[VOL] Abortion	11%	4%	18%	16%	9%	9%	14%	12%	2%	18%	12%	10%	12%	11%	12%	9%	12%	7%	15%	7%	15%	14%	10%	11%	21%	2%	16%	21%	2%	11%	11%	19%	3%	13%	18%	2%	12%
[VOL] Immigration	10%	13%	7%	6%	5%	13%	13%	12%	2%	3%	7%	11%	8%	14%	2%	3%	5%	6%	11%	18%	7%	6%	6%	16%	<.5%	19%	<1%	<.5%	23%	2%	1%	<.5%	21%	11%	1%	23%	7%
[VOL] Crime	<1%	<1%	<1%	3%	0%	<1%	0%	<.5%	0%	4%	0%	<1%	0%	<1%	0%	3%	0%	0%	0%	2%	3%	0%	0%	2%	0%	1%	0%	0%	2%	0%	0%	0%	3%	0%	0%	2%	0%
[VOL] Gun policies	<1%	<1%	<.5%	2%	<1%	<.5%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	1%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	<1%	<.5%	0%	<1%	2%	0%	<.5%	5%	0%	0%	<.5%	<.5%	0%	1%	0%
[VOL] Health care	3%	<.5%	5%	<.5%	3%	4%	2%	<1%	9%	7%	2%	3%	2%	<.5%	1%	11%	3%	3%	3%	1%	3%	5%	3%	2%	5%	1%	0%	4%	0%	4%	5%	4%	0%	4%	4%	<.5%	4%
[VOL] Education	<.5%	0%	<1%	0%	<1%	<1%	0%	<.5%	<1%	0%	<1%	<.5%	1%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	<.5%	<1%	1%	2%	<.5%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	<1%	1%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	0%
[VOL] Foreign policy	5%	4%	6%	7%	5%	3%	6%	5%	7%	2%	5%	5%	4%	6%	5%	4%	11%	6%	2%	3%	9%	8%	5%	3%	3%	5%	13%	3%	5%	16%	3%	3%	4%	8%	4%	5%	8%
[VOL] Russia/the war in Ukraine	<.5%	<.5%	<.5%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	<.5%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	<1%	<.5%	0%	1%	<.5%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	<.5%	<.5%	0%	<1%
[VOL] China	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%
[VOL] Climate change	<1%	<1%	<1%	0%	2%	<1%	0%	<1%	0%	2%	2%	0%	2%	0%	4%	0%	0%	<.5%	1%	0%	2%	0%	2%	0%	2%	0%	0%	2%	0%	<1%	0%	1%	0%	<.5%	2%	0%	0%
[VOL] The state of democracy/corruption	5%	5%	5%	1%	3%	7%	8%	6%	4%	1%	11%	2%	13%	2%	2%	3%	5%	6%	5%	3%	4%	4%	6%	4%	10%	2%	1%	11%	2%	0%	2%	11%	2%	3%	10%	2%	<1%
[VOL] Election integrity	1%	2%	<.5%	0%	<1%	<.5%	3%	1%	0%	0%	1%	<1%	2%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	2%	<.5%	2%	2%	0%	1%	1%	1%	1%	0%	1%	1%	0%	0%	<1%	3%	<.5%	1%	2%	0%
[VOL] Equality/inequality	2%	1%	3%	6%	1%	2%	1%	2%	5%	0%	1%	2%	1%	2%	1%	3%	9%	3%	<.5%	0%	2%	5%	2%	<.5%	4%	<1%	0%	3%	<1%	<1%	3%	3%	0%	3%	2%	0%	5%
[VOL] Polarization/division	<.5%	0%	<.5%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	0%	<.5%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	0%	2%	0%	0%	0%	<.5%	<.5%	0%	0%
[VOL] Racism/racial issues	<.5%	<.5%	<.5%	0%	<1%	<.5%	0%	0%	2%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	2%	2%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	1%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	3%	0%	0%	0%	2%	0%	0%	<.5%	<.5%	<.5%	0%
[VOL] Dislike of opposing candidate (Trump or Biden)	6%	7%	4%	6%	4%	7%	4%	6%	6%	<1%	4%	7%	3%	7%	8%	2%	5%	5%	6%	11%	1%	7%	5%	7%	8%	4%	6%	9%	5%	4%	3%	7%	5%	6%	8%	6%	3%
[VOL] Character/competence of candidate (Trump or Biden)	8%	8%	7%	3%	10%	8%	9%	8%	7%	8%	9%	7%	8%	7%	11%	6%	0%	10%	9%	4%	8%	<1%	10%	7%	9%	8%	6%	8%	8%	11%	6%	10%	8%	6%	8%	10%	4%
[VOL] The Middle East/Israel/Palestinians	2%	3%	2%	3%	4%	<1%	<1%	2%	4%	3%	3%	2%	2%	2%	7%	2%	0%	2%	3%	0%	4%	3%	3%	0%	3%	<.5%	10%	2%	<.5%	5%	5%	3%	0%	3%	4%	<.5%	0%
[VOL] Taxes	<1%	2%	0%	2%	<1%	1%	0%	1%	0%	0%	0%	1%	0%	2%	0%	0%	0%	<1%	2%	0%	0%	0%	0%	2%	0%	2%	0%	0%	2%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	4%
[VOL] Student loans	1%	<1%	2%	<1%	<1%	2%	<1%	<.5%	7%	0%	2%	<.5%	<1%	0%	8%	2%	3%	2%	<1%	0%	0%	3%	2%	0%	1%	<.5%	4%	1%	<.5%	0%	3%	1%	<.5%	2%	2%	0%	<1%
[VOL] Other (specify)	6%	8%	4%	5%	8%	6%	6%	6%	7%	<1%	5%	7%	6%	6%	<1%	5%	16%	3%	7%	7%	6%	12%	3%	8%	5%	7%	9%	6%	6%	6%	7%	5%	7%	6%	6%	8%	3%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	10%	10%	11%	11%	16%	4%	9%	8%	14%	23%	6%	12%	4%	10%	17%	19%	10%	12%	11%	14%	<.5%	5%	12%	10%	8%	12%	14%	8%	10%	3%	21%	10%	11%	8%	7%	7%	18%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

Thinking about the nation's economy, how would you rate economic conditions today?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Excellent	2%	2%	2%	0%	0%	2%	7%	3%	0%	0%	3%	2%	4%	3%	0%	0%	3%	5%	<1%	1%	<1%	2%	4%	<1%	6%	0%	0%	7%	0%	0%	0%	6%	0%	2%	6%	0%	0%
Good	17%	15%	18%	6%	11%	12%	34%	17%	14%	16%	22%	14%	22%	14%	21%	13%	20%	14%	22%	16%	13%	19%	18%	15%	38%	2%	1%	43%	2%	6%	<1%	43%	<.5%	13%	35%	2%	9%
Only fair	29%	26%	33%	28%	33%	33%	23%	26%	47%	41%	37%	26%	34%	21%	52%	41%	46%	29%	28%	27%	28%	47%	30%	23%	39%	20%	36%	35%	19%	35%	39%	36%	23%	30%	36%	20%	27%
Poor	51%	55%	47%	65%	55%	52%	36%	53%	39%	43%	37%	58%	39%	61%	27%	46%	31%	52%	49%	54%	56%	33%	48%	60%	17%	77%	61%	15%	78%	58%	59%	15%	76%	55%	23%	78%	63%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	<1%	<1%	0%	0%	<1%	1%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	1%	<.5%	1%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	1%	3%	0%	<.5%	1%	<.5%	<.5%	2%	<.5%	<1%	0%	1%	0%	<1%	0%	<.5%	<1%	<1%
NET Excellent/good	19%	18%	20%	6%	11%	13%	42%	20%	14%	16%	25%	16%	25%	17%	21%	13%	23%	19%	23%	17%	13%	20%	22%	16%	43%	2%	1%	50%	2%	6%	<1%	49%	<.5%	15%	41%	2%	9%
NET Fair/poor	80%	82%	80%	94%	89%	86%	58%	79%	86%	84%	74%	84%	73%	82%	79%	87%	77%	81%	77%	81%	84%	80%	78%	83%	56%	97%	97%	50%	97%	94%	98%	51%	99%	85%	59%	97%	90%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

Do you think abortion should be always legal, mostly legal, mostly illegal or always illegal?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Always legal	36%	28%	44%	45%	42%	24%	38%	36%	44%	25%	44%	32%	43%	32%	48%	30%	58%	35%	42%	21%	32%	59%	40%	23%	61%	16%	25%	63%	15%	28%	31%	59%	10%	40%	59%	12%	32%
Mostly legal	30%	30%	30%	26%	25%	36%	31%	30%	24%	37%	27%	31%	26%	32%	29%	31%	20%	36%	26%	26%	34%	24%	30%	31%	27%	31%	36%	26%	27%	55%	28%	28%	24%	35%	30%	26%	36%
Mostly illegal	17%	20%	15%	20%	13%	22%	14%	18%	16%	18%	15%	19%	17%	18%	8%	21%	15%	12%	16%	28%	22%	9%	14%	24%	4%	29%	14%	3%	31%	12%	18%	4%	35%	15%	4%	34%	20%
Always illegal	7%	6%	8%	3%	10%	5%	8%	7%	7%	10%	5%	8%	5%	8%	8%	8%	2%	8%	5%	8%	11%	2%	8%	7%	2%	10%	9%	3%	11%	0%	11%	3%	14%	4%	3%	11%	6%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	10%	16%	4%	6%	10%	12%	9%	10%	8%	10%	8%	11%	9%	10%	7%	10%	4%	9%	12%	16%	1%	5%	8%	14%	5%	13%	16%	5%	15%	5%	11%	8%	16%	6%	5%	17%	8%
NET Legal	66%	58%	74%	72%	67%	60%	69%	66%	68%	62%	71%	63%	69%	64%	77%	61%	79%	70%	67%	47%	66%	84%	71%	54%	89%	47%	61%	90%	42%	83%	60%	86%	35%	75%	89%	38%	67%
NET Illegal	24%	26%	22%	22%	23%	27%	22%	24%	23%	28%	21%	26%	22%	26%	16%	29%	18%	20%	20%	37%	32%	11%	22%	32%	6%	39%	24%	5%	42%	12%	29%	6%	49%	19%	6%	45%	25%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

Regardless of how you might vote, tell me whether you trust Joe Biden or Donald Trump to do a better job on each of the following:
(Split A) The economy
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Joe Biden	33%	26%	42%	17%	31%	32%	51%	30%	52%	32%	55%	25%	48%	23%	81%	27%	55%	33%	35%	21%	32%	61%	38%	19%	82%	2%	14%	93%	2%	11%	12%	78%	0%	29%	80%	0%	5%
Donald Trump	60%	71%	47%	78%	55%	60%	47%	64%	44%	57%	43%	66%	50%	69%	17%	63%	45%	58%	55%	79%	62%	39%	54%	74%	9%	95%	53%	5%	98%	60%	69%	14%	100%	61%	15%	100%	81%
[VOL] Don’t know/Refused	7%	3%	11%	4%	14%	8%	2%	6%	4%	12%	1%	9%	1%	8%	2%	9%	0%	8%	10%	0%	5%	0%	8%	7%	9%	2%	33%	1%	0%	28%	19%	8%	0%	10%	6%	0%	15%
Number of respondents	240	138	100	43	65	68	56	180	36	17	103	137	81	99	18	35	15	74	75	33	43	26	125	89	92	130	18	77	98	23	42	58	55	105	98	86	44
Percent of total electorate	100%	54%	45%	21%	21%	30%	25%	72%	14%	12%	28%	72%	20%	52%	7%	18%	6%	31%	32%	13%	18%	11%	53%	36%	38%	55%	7%	32%	40%	10%	18%	25%	22%	43%	38%	34%	22%

(Split A) The Israeli-Palestinian [pah-luh-stin-ian] conflict
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Joe Biden	30%	17%	46%	21%	26%	30%	47%	28%	42%	39%	44%	25%	43%	23%	52%	36%	51%	22%	35%	28%	32%	54%	30%	24%	68%	8%	0%	75%	4%	3%	26%	70%	0%	25%	67%	0%	11%
Donald Trump	50%	63%	36%	59%	49%	57%	38%	56%	36%	39%	43%	53%	48%	59%	26%	42%	31%	50%	46%	61%	58%	31%	45%	64%	8%	82%	28%	8%	89%	53%	38%	13%	93%	48%	14%	90%	59%
[VOL] Don’t know/Refused	19%	20%	18%	19%	25%	13%	15%	16%	22%	22%	14%	21%	9%	19%	23%	22%	18%	28%	20%	11%	10%	14%	25%	12%	24%	10%	72%	17%	7%	43%	36%	17%	7%	27%	18%	10%	30%
Number of respondents	240	138	100	43	65	68	56	180	36	17	103	137	81	99	18	35	15	74	75	33	43	26	125	89	92	130	18	77	98	23	42	58	55	105	98	86	44
Percent of total electorate	100%	54%	45%	21%	21%	30%	25%	72%	14%	12%	28%	72%	20%	52%	7%	18%	6%	31%	32%	13%	18%	11%	53%	36%	38%	55%	7%	32%	40%	10%	18%	25%	22%	43%	38%	34%	22%

(Split A) Abortion
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Joe Biden	47%	37%	57%	49%	38%	46%	56%	43%	65%	46%	62%	41%	57%	38%	83%	46%	70%	53%	43%	34%	43%	65%	53%	32%	95%	15%	27%	96%	5%	56%	48%	90%	11%	45%	90%	8%	35%
Donald Trump	38%	49%	27%	35%	35%	43%	35%	43%	21%	31%	34%	40%	38%	45%	17%	29%	14%	26%	40%	63%	48%	22%	29%	56%	<1%	67%	22%	<1%	82%	18%	20%	4%	78%	37%	3%	80%	35%
[VOL] Don’t know/Refused	15%	14%	16%	16%	27%	12%	10%	14%	14%	23%	5%	19%	5%	17%	0%	25%	15%	21%	17%	4%	10%	13%	18%	12%	4%	18%	51%	4%	14%	25%	32%	6%	12%	18%	7%	12%	30%
Number of respondents	240	138	100	43	65	68	56	180	36	17	103	137	81	99	18	35	15	74	75	33	43	26	125	89	92	130	18	77	98	23	42	58	55	105	98	86	44
Percent of total electorate	100%	54%	45%	21%	21%	30%	25%	72%	14%	12%	28%	72%	20%	52%	7%	18%	6%	31%	32%	13%	18%	11%	53%	36%	38%	55%	7%	32%	40%	10%	18%	25%	22%	43%	38%	34%	22%

Who do you think is most responsible for the Supreme Court ending the constitutional right to an abortion: Joe Biden or Donald Trump?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Joe Biden, a lot of responsibility	8%	6%	10%	11%	7%	7%	10%	8%	9%	13%	3%	11%	5%	9%	0%	16%	0%	7%	8%	6%	17%	6%	9%	8%	4%	13%	0%	5%	16%	3%	0%	5%	20%	3%	4%	16%	5%
Joe Biden, some responsibility	11%	9%	12%	16%	10%	10%	6%	10%	16%	3%	8%	12%	8%	12%	4%	13%	22%	10%	13%	8%	7%	18%	10%	9%	4%	17%	6%	3%	17%	4%	17%	4%	15%	10%	4%	16%	17%
Donald Trump, some responsibility	15%	16%	15%	25%	15%	19%	7%	14%	21%	20%	22%	13%	23%	10%	18%	22%	23%	13%	13%	18%	20%	22%	14%	15%	17%	15%	13%	14%	15%	26%	13%	13%	13%	17%	15%	14%	19%
Donald Trump, a lot of responsibility	37%	36%	37%	27%	31%	31%	53%	38%	28%	36%	44%	32%	39%	36%	62%	19%	32%	39%	39%	36%	31%	33%	41%	32%	67%	14%	22%	70%	12%	23%	30%	68%	14%	34%	64%	15%	16%
[VOL] Neither	12%	12%	11%	6%	13%	13%	13%	13%	7%	6%	10%	13%	10%	15%	7%	7%	2%	11%	11%	17%	12%	5%	10%	16%	4%	17%	17%	4%	17%	20%	11%	6%	19%	12%	5%	18%	15%
[VOL] Both	3%	3%	2%	6%	2%	3%	<1%	2%	3%	10%	1%	3%	<1%	2%	2%	7%	0%	4%	1%	1%	5%	1%	3%	2%	0%	4%	9%	0%	2%	5%	9%	0%	2%	5%	3%	3%	3%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	15%	17%	12%	8%	21%	16%	11%	15%	15%	11%	12%	16%	14%	16%	6%	16%	21%	16%	15%	14%	9%	15%	13%	17%	5%	20%	32%	5%	20%	18%	21%	4%	17%	18%	5%	19%	25%
NET Biden	19%	15%	23%	27%	17%	18%	16%	18%	25%	17%	12%	23%	13%	21%	4%	28%	22%	17%	21%	14%	24%	23%	19%	17%	8%	31%	6%	7%	33%	7%	17%	9%	35%	14%	7%	32%	22%
NET Trump	52%	52%	52%	52%	46%	50%	60%	52%	49%	56%	65%	45%	62%	46%	80%	41%	56%	52%	51%	53%	51%	55%	55%	48%	84%	28%	35%	85%	27%	49%	42%	81%	27%	51%	79%	30%	35%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

Which comes closest to your view about the political and economic system in America, even if none are exactly right?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
The system does not need changes	2%	3%	1%	<1%	0%	1%	6%	3%	0%	0%	4%	1%	4%	2%	0%	0%	0%	3%	2%	1%	<1%	0%	2%	2%	2%	2%	0%	3%	3%	0%	0%	3%	2%	1%	2%	3%	0%
The system needs minor changes	27%	33%	21%	24%	18%	26%	39%	29%	19%	27%	31%	25%	36%	25%	16%	26%	13%	26%	30%	34%	22%	24%	28%	27%	38%	20%	19%	38%	21%	31%	16%	41%	19%	29%	35%	21%	24%
The system needs major changes	52%	44%	61%	58%	55%	54%	45%	51%	57%	58%	50%	54%	45%	54%	68%	53%	66%	50%	49%	49%	61%	62%	50%	52%	47%	56%	55%	48%	54%	49%	60%	44%	59%	55%	52%	59%	41%
The system needs to be torn down entirely	15%	16%	14%	17%	21%	16%	8%	14%	19%	15%	11%	17%	9%	17%	16%	17%	19%	15%	16%	9%	16%	13%	16%	14%	10%	19%	17%	8%	20%	19%	15%	8%	17%	13%	8%	13%	31%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	4%	4%	4%	<.5%	6%	3%	3%	3%	4%	0%	4%	3%	5%	3%	0%	3%	2%	5%	2%	6%	0%	1%	4%	4%	3%	3%	9%	3%	3%	1%	9%	4%	3%	3%	3%	3%	4%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

If Donald Trump won the election, do you think nothing would change, there would be minor changes to how things work, there would be major changes to how things work, or he would tear down the system completely?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Nothing would change	3%	3%	2%	3%	6%	2%	1%	2%	4%	6%	3%	3%	3%	2%	2%	6%	2%	2%	3%	4%	3%	3%	2%	3%	3%	2%	6%	2%	2%	4%	5%	3%	<1%	4%	4%	1%	3%
Minor changes to how things work	22%	27%	17%	44%	24%	17%	9%	20%	29%	21%	24%	21%	24%	19%	21%	27%	23%	24%	22%	16%	22%	20%	24%	20%	16%	25%	28%	12%	18%	49%	36%	16%	14%	27%	14%	20%	36%
Major changes to how things work	45%	48%	43%	43%	55%	40%	48%	49%	27%	43%	43%	47%	46%	52%	31%	36%	29%	44%	41%	61%	46%	37%	39%	56%	26%	63%	36%	27%	71%	28%	32%	23%	74%	43%	30%	70%	38%
He would tear down the system entirely	27%	19%	35%	9%	11%	37%	40%	25%	39%	30%	26%	27%	21%	25%	46%	30%	46%	25%	31%	18%	27%	40%	31%	18%	53%	7%	23%	57%	7%	16%	20%	57%	8%	24%	49%	6%	18%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	3%	3%	2%	<.5%	4%	4%	3%	4%	1%	0%	4%	2%	6%	3%	0%	<1%	0%	4%	4%	1%	1%	0%	4%	2%	2%	2%	8%	2%	2%	3%	6%	1%	4%	2%	2%	2%	4%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

If Joe Biden won the election, do you think nothing would change, there would be minor changes to how things work, there would be major changes to how things work, or he would tear down the system completely?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Nothing would change	31%	35%	28%	40%	30%	31%	27%	34%	19%	31%	29%	33%	32%	35%	22%	26%	12%	30%	33%	30%	39%	15%	30%	38%	16%	43%	36%	14%	39%	43%	43%	15%	38%	34%	19%	40%	41%
Minor changes to how things work	41%	36%	45%	49%	39%	38%	41%	39%	56%	30%	51%	36%	50%	34%	53%	40%	50%	43%	38%	36%	41%	55%	42%	34%	66%	20%	32%	68%	20%	35%	33%	62%	17%	42%	62%	21%	34%
Major changes to how things work	11%	10%	10%	4%	13%	12%	10%	9%	17%	18%	10%	11%	8%	9%	16%	18%	13%	9%	12%	11%	9%	12%	13%	8%	13%	9%	11%	13%	10%	8%	9%	17%	10%	8%	13%	8%	8%
He would tear down the system entirely	13%	14%	12%	6%	11%	14%	19%	14%	6%	11%	5%	17%	5%	19%	<1%	12%	12%	14%	12%	16%	10%	12%	11%	16%	<.5%	24%	13%	<1%	27%	14%	5%	<1%	29%	12%	1%	27%	13%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	5%	5%	4%	1%	7%	5%	4%	4%	1%	11%	6%	4%	5%	4%	8%	4%	12%	4%	4%	7%	0%	6%	5%	3%	4%	4%	8%	4%	4%	0%	10%	5%	5%	3%	4%	5%	5%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

(If Trump major/minor change or tear down the system) Do you think the changes that Donald Trump would make would be good for the country or bad for the country, or neither good nor bad?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Very good for the country	29%	31%	28%	21%	27%	30%	36%	33%	9%	21%	19%	35%	21%	40%	9%	17%	6%	27%	30%	39%	31%	14%	26%	39%	0%	58%	8%	0%	70%	9%	5%	<1%	74%	18%	1%	69%	22%
Somewhat good for the country	13%	19%	7%	17%	18%	14%	5%	13%	18%	14%	10%	14%	13%	12%	1%	22%	15%	11%	11%	17%	15%	17%	10%	15%	4%	20%	12%	3%	19%	16%	19%	6%	11%	19%	5%	16%	22%
Somewhat bad for the country	7%	6%	7%	12%	6%	6%	4%	6%	12%	6%	9%	6%	6%	5%	14%	7%	21%	6%	4%	6%	9%	16%	7%	3%	12%	2%	10%	13%	1%	11%	4%	9%	0%	9%	12%	2%	5%
Very bad for the country	33%	25%	39%	21%	27%	34%	42%	32%	32%	37%	42%	28%	38%	29%	60%	25%	36%	34%	36%	22%	33%	38%	38%	23%	70%	2%	22%	74%	<.5%	21%	27%	71%	1%	31%	67%	2%	17%
Neither good nor bad	11%	10%	12%	26%	9%	9%	6%	9%	22%	14%	11%	11%	11%	8%	15%	20%	17%	12%	11%	11%	5%	10%	11%	12%	8%	10%	29%	5%	4%	34%	29%	8%	6%	16%	8%	5%	25%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	2%	2%	2%	0%	3%	2%	2%	2%	2%	2%	2%	2%	2%	2%	0%	3%	3%	3%	<1%	0%	3%	2%	2%	2%	<.5%	3%	6%	<1%	2%	3%	5%	<1%	3%	<1%	<.5%	2%	2%
[PREVIOUSLY] Nothing would change	3%	3%	2%	3%	6%	2%	1%	2%	4%	6%	3%	3%	3%	2%	2%	6%	2%	2%	3%	4%	3%	3%	2%	3%	3%	2%	6%	2%	2%	4%	5%	3%	<1%	4%	4%	1%	3%
[PREVIOUSLY] Don’t know/Refused	3%	3%	2%	<.5%	4%	4%	3%	4%	1%	0%	4%	2%	6%	3%	0%	<1%	0%	4%	4%	1%	1%	0%	4%	2%	2%	2%	8%	2%	2%	3%	6%	1%	4%	2%	2%	2%	4%
NET Good	42%	50%	35%	38%	45%	44%	41%	46%	26%	35%	29%	49%	34%	52%	10%	38%	21%	39%	42%	56%	46%	31%	36%	54%	4%	78%	20%	3%	89%	25%	24%	7%	85%	37%	7%	86%	44%
NET Bad	39%	31%	46%	34%	33%	40%	47%	38%	44%	43%	50%	33%	45%	34%	73%	32%	57%	40%	40%	28%	41%	54%	45%	27%	82%	4%	32%	87%	1%	32%	31%	80%	1%	40%	79%	3%	22%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

(If Biden major/minor change or tear down the system) Do you think the changes that Joe Biden would make would be good for the country or bad for the country, or neither good nor bad?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Very good for the country	10%	8%	11%	2%	4%	12%	16%	9%	11%	16%	11%	8%	9%	7%	16%	13%	11%	9%	14%	4%	9%	18%	12%	5%	23%	<1%	0%	25%	<1%	8%	0%	31%	<1%	3%	21%	<1%	3%
Somewhat good for the country	17%	15%	19%	12%	19%	15%	19%	14%	34%	13%	21%	14%	20%	11%	27%	23%	39%	16%	17%	16%	11%	31%	16%	13%	36%	2%	6%	37%	2%	8%	12%	32%	1%	18%	34%	<1%	9%
Somewhat bad for the country	6%	6%	6%	12%	10%	5%	1%	6%	3%	9%	7%	5%	9%	5%	0%	8%	0%	7%	5%	5%	8%	4%	6%	7%	2%	7%	17%	<.5%	8%	11%	11%	2%	6%	8%	3%	7%	8%
Very bad for the country	18%	22%	15%	12%	20%	19%	22%	22%	4%	9%	10%	23%	11%	28%	5%	7%	7%	18%	17%	25%	20%	11%	16%	24%	0%	35%	11%	0%	41%	18%	2%	0%	41%	18%	1%	39%	22%
Neither good nor bad	12%	8%	16%	21%	9%	12%	9%	9%	25%	12%	14%	11%	11%	9%	22%	17%	15%	13%	10%	11%	12%	14%	14%	8%	17%	7%	15%	17%	4%	11%	19%	13%	6%	14%	16%	6%	11%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	2%	2%	<1%	0%	2%	2%	2%	1%	3%	0%	2%	2%	2%	1%	0%	2%	3%	3%	0%	3%	0%	2%	2%	1%	2%	<1%	6%	2%	1%	0%	3%	1%	1%	1%	2%	1%	0%
[PREVIOUSLY] Nothing would change	31%	35%	28%	40%	30%	31%	27%	34%	19%	31%	29%	33%	32%	35%	22%	26%	12%	30%	33%	30%	39%	15%	30%	38%	16%	43%	36%	14%	39%	43%	43%	15%	38%	34%	19%	40%	41%
[PREVIOUSLY] Don’t know/Refused	5%	5%	4%	1%	7%	5%	4%	4%	1%	11%	6%	4%	5%	4%	8%	4%	12%	4%	4%	7%	0%	6%	5%	3%	4%	4%	8%	4%	4%	0%	10%	5%	5%	3%	4%	5%	5%
NET Good	27%	23%	30%	15%	23%	27%	35%	23%	45%	30%	32%	23%	30%	18%	43%	36%	50%	25%	31%	19%	20%	49%	28%	18%	59%	3%	6%	62%	3%	16%	12%	64%	2%	22%	55%	2%	13%
NET Bad	24%	28%	21%	23%	29%	23%	23%	28%	7%	17%	17%	28%	20%	33%	5%	15%	7%	25%	22%	30%	28%	15%	21%	31%	2%	42%	29%	<.5%	48%	29%	13%	2%	47%	25%	4%	46%	30%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

Which comes closer to your view, even if neither is exactly right?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Trained experts are generally too biased to be reliable	38%	38%	39%	35%	31%	47%	37%	38%	41%	36%	29%	43%	28%	44%	31%	42%	42%	34%	39%	45%	38%	31%	36%	44%	20%	53%	45%	15%	55%	50%	43%	15%	54%	43%	20%	55%	47%
Trained experts are generally reliable sources of information	49%	52%	48%	57%	58%	45%	43%	49%	45%	59%	63%	44%	62%	43%	69%	45%	47%	55%	45%	47%	52%	57%	53%	43%	70%	32%	48%	73%	30%	48%	46%	71%	28%	50%	70%	29%	45%
[VOL] Don’t know/Refused	12%	10%	13%	8%	11%	8%	20%	13%	14%	5%	8%	13%	10%	14%	0%	14%	11%	11%	16%	8%	10%	12%	11%	13%	11%	14%	7%	11%	15%	2%	12%	14%	18%	7%	10%	16%	9%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

I’m going to describe two kinds of presidential candidates. Regardless of who you support, tell me which kind of candidate you’d prefer as president:
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
A candidate who promises to bring politics in Washington back to normal	49%	51%	47%	24%	33%	51%	77%	51%	43%	42%	54%	45%	56%	48%	45%	41%	42%	45%	52%	59%	42%	52%	46%	51%	63%	40%	30%	66%	43%	37%	31%	61%	45%	46%	60%	45%	31%
A candidate who promises to fundamentally change America	41%	39%	43%	70%	53%	38%	14%	38%	47%	53%	34%	44%	32%	41%	42%	53%	50%	43%	38%	31%	49%	40%	43%	38%	28%	51%	40%	26%	49%	51%	46%	32%	44%	42%	31%	43%	61%
[VOL] Don’t know/Refused	11%	11%	10%	6%	15%	11%	9%	12%	10%	5%	11%	10%	11%	12%	13%	6%	8%	12%	11%	10%	9%	8%	11%	11%	8%	9%	30%	8%	8%	12%	22%	6%	11%	11%	10%	11%	8%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

(Split B) How much attention would you say you are paying to news about the legal cases against Donald Trump?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
A lot of attention	32%	40%	24%	23%	23%	31%	44%	33%	14%	47%	27%	34%	27%	35%	28%	31%	18%	33%	32%	36%	30%	28%	33%	32%	33%	36%	12%	34%	37%	25%	15%	44%	35%	21%	32%	33%	29%
Some attention	33%	35%	31%	30%	41%	28%	33%	35%	28%	25%	36%	32%	35%	36%	45%	20%	33%	30%	34%	28%	47%	26%	37%	30%	33%	33%	34%	35%	35%	20%	29%	37%	34%	32%	38%	33%	27%
Only a little attention	25%	17%	33%	43%	23%	28%	17%	23%	35%	27%	26%	24%	27%	19%	16%	38%	37%	25%	26%	26%	11%	35%	20%	28%	26%	20%	40%	26%	18%	40%	32%	14%	21%	35%	23%	22%	32%
No attention at all	10%	8%	12%	4%	13%	13%	6%	10%	22%	0%	11%	10%	11%	9%	11%	12%	11%	11%	8%	10%	12%	11%	10%	10%	8%	11%	15%	5%	10%	15%	24%	6%	10%	12%	6%	13%	12%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%
Number of respondents	280	144	135	30	82	94	65	217	33	23	136	141	113	102	20	36	18	100	89	42	31	41	140	99	131	117	32	116	102	25	37	85	76	85	130	98	38
Percent of total electorate	100%	46%	53%	12%	26%	32%	26%	76%	11%	10%	35%	63%	27%	47%	6%	15%	6%	34%	32%	18%	10%	13%	47%	40%	45%	44%	11%	39%	39%	10%	12%	29%	30%	30%	42%	35%	18%

(Split B) Thinking about the trial of Donald Trump in New York related to hush money payments made to the porn star Stormy Daniels, do you think that it is likely or unlikely that he will be convicted?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Very likely	13%	15%	11%	6%	17%	10%	18%	14%	10%	11%	12%	14%	14%	15%	2%	14%	10%	14%	12%	12%	16%	14%	15%	11%	18%	8%	10%	20%	9%	12%	5%	19%	7%	13%	17%	6%	18%
Somewhat likely	22%	21%	22%	25%	19%	20%	26%	22%	8%	29%	27%	19%	23%	23%	45%	7%	3%	32%	21%	7%	26%	12%	32%	13%	28%	15%	25%	27%	15%	31%	20%	34%	12%	22%	34%	13%	13%
Somewhat unlikely	28%	31%	26%	46%	28%	26%	26%	31%	24%	22%	21%	32%	25%	34%	10%	29%	27%	24%	30%	35%	27%	29%	22%	36%	23%	37%	14%	22%	35%	35%	19%	17%	37%	33%	18%	35%	39%
Very unlikely	22%	17%	27%	16%	25%	28%	14%	17%	43%	35%	21%	24%	18%	16%	38%	40%	55%	19%	20%	24%	23%	42%	17%	23%	19%	26%	25%	19%	27%	18%	25%	19%	27%	19%	20%	30%	18%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	15%	14%	13%	8%	12%	16%	16%	16%	14%	3%	19%	11%	20%	12%	4%	10%	4%	11%	18%	23%	8%	4%	16%	17%	12%	14%	25%	12%	15%	4%	31%	10%	17%	13%	11%	16%	12%
Number of respondents	280	144	135	30	82	94	65	217	33	23	136	141	113	102	20	36	18	100	89	42	31	41	140	99	131	117	32	116	102	25	37	85	76	85	130	98	38
Percent of total electorate	100%	46%	53%	12%	26%	32%	26%	76%	11%	10%	35%	63%	27%	47%	6%	15%	6%	34%	32%	18%	10%	13%	47%	40%	45%	44%	11%	39%	39%	10%	12%	29%	30%	30%	42%	35%	18%

(Split B) Thinking about Donald Trump’s trial in New York related to hush money payments, do you think he will be able to get a fair and impartial trial?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Yes	42%	43%	40%	35%	42%	40%	47%	39%	56%	51%	48%	38%	48%	34%	49%	55%	51%	42%	46%	31%	43%	47%	50%	31%	69%	16%	38%	72%	15%	31%	43%	75%	12%	47%	67%	16%	37%
No	52%	50%	54%	56%	53%	52%	49%	55%	32%	42%	48%	55%	48%	60%	38%	36%	49%	52%	49%	59%	51%	51%	45%	60%	24%	81%	50%	20%	83%	66%	43%	14%	86%	50%	24%	82%	57%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	6%	7%	5%	9%	5%	7%	4%	5%	12%	6%	5%	7%	3%	6%	12%	8%	0%	6%	5%	9%	6%	1%	5%	9%	7%	3%	12%	8%	2%	3%	14%	11%	3%	3%	8%	2%	6%
Number of respondents	280	144	135	30	82	94	65	217	33	23	136	141	113	102	20	36	18	100	89	42	31	41	140	99	131	117	32	116	102	25	37	85	76	85	130	98	38
Percent of total electorate	100%	46%	53%	12%	26%	32%	26%	76%	11%	10%	35%	63%	27%	47%	6%	15%	6%	34%	32%	18%	10%	13%	47%	40%	45%	44%	11%	39%	39%	10%	12%	29%	30%	30%	42%	35%	18%

In the dispute between Israel and the Palestinians [pah-luh-stin-ians], which side do you sympathize with more: Israel or the Palestinians [pah-luh-stin-ians]?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Israel	37%	41%	33%	19%	20%	42%	53%	39%	24%	24%	36%	37%	37%	41%	31%	22%	27%	35%	41%	32%	39%	23%	35%	44%	24%	49%	27%	24%	54%	33%	22%	24%	58%	36%	25%	54%	31%
Palestinians	22%	19%	24%	39%	32%	15%	10%	20%	26%	31%	24%	21%	21%	20%	32%	27%	15%	26%	19%	17%	26%	23%	26%	15%	32%	14%	17%	30%	9%	35%	27%	30%	7%	24%	32%	12%	20%
[VOL] Both equally (Includes neither)	22%	22%	22%	13%	25%	24%	22%	20%	25%	28%	24%	20%	24%	18%	25%	27%	25%	26%	21%	23%	10%	25%	23%	18%	21%	20%	32%	23%	20%	19%	25%	22%	18%	24%	21%	20%	22%
[VOL] Don’t know/Refused	20%	19%	21%	29%	22%	20%	14%	20%	25%	18%	16%	22%	18%	21%	12%	25%	33%	13%	19%	28%	26%	29%	16%	23%	23%	17%	24%	24%	17%	12%	25%	23%	17%	16%	23%	14%	26%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

What single news source do you turn to most often?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
[VOL] Fox News	12%	12%	12%	8%	11%	14%	12%	13%	11%	10%	7%	14%	9%	15%	2%	14%	17%	10%	7%	16%	21%	11%	9%	16%	2%	22%	4%	2%	26%	7%	2%	2%	25%	10%	3%	22%	13%
[VOL] CNN	9%	10%	8%	7%	6%	9%	15%	8%	18%	7%	11%	8%	8%	8%	21%	9%	9%	15%	9%	<1%	4%	9%	12%	5%	15%	5%	4%	15%	5%	3%	8%	14%	5%	9%	14%	4%	7%
[VOL] MSNBC	4%	2%	7%	1%	2%	2%	12%	5%	6%	<1%	5%	4%	5%	5%	5%	3%	14%	3%	3%	6%	4%	8%	3%	5%	9%	<.5%	5%	10%	0%	6%	0%	10%	0%	4%	9%	<1%	2%
[VOL] Public Radio/NPR/PBS	3%	3%	3%	<1%	6%	3%	2%	4%	1%	0%	6%	1%	8%	2%	2%	0%	0%	1%	4%	6%	2%	1%	3%	4%	5%	1%	1%	4%	2%	1%	4%	4%	2%	3%	4%	2%	1%
[VOL] Talk radio/conservative personality	1%	1%	<1%	1%	<1%	1%	<1%	1%	0%	0%	1%	1%	1%	1%	0%	0%	0%	0%	2%	1%	3%	1%	0%	2%	0%	2%	0%	0%	3%	0%	0%	0%	2%	1%	0%	2%	<1%
[VOL] National television networks, like CBS, NBC or ABC	10%	8%	12%	8%	3%	10%	18%	10%	14%	5%	9%	11%	8%	11%	12%	9%	8%	10%	14%	3%	9%	10%	12%	8%	18%	5%	1%	17%	4%	19%	6%	20%	6%	7%	15%	5%	11%
[VOL] Local broadcast news (includes non-talk, non-public local radio)	7%	6%	9%	2%	6%	10%	9%	7%	6%	13%	5%	9%	5%	8%	3%	12%	8%	3%	6%	20%	4%	7%	5%	10%	7%	7%	9%	7%	6%	9%	10%	8%	8%	8%	9%	7%	7%
[VOL] National print or online news organizations, like The New York Times or The Wall Street Journal	4%	4%	4%	6%	5%	4%	4%	4%	3%	8%	10%	2%	9%	2%	12%	3%	2%	5%	5%	1%	6%	2%	6%	3%	8%	<1%	6%	8%	<.5%	8%	4%	7%	0%	5%	9%	<.5%	3%
[VOL] Local print or online news organizations	<1%	<1%	<1%	0%	1%	0%	3%	1%	0%	0%	<1%	1%	<1%	1%	0%	0%	0%	1%	<1%	0%	1%	0%	<1%	1%	<.5%	1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	0%	3%	<1%	1%	1%	<1%	1%	<.5%
[VOL] Social media	15%	14%	16%	30%	24%	10%	4%	14%	19%	15%	11%	17%	11%	16%	13%	19%	21%	16%	13%	13%	16%	13%	18%	10%	9%	20%	16%	8%	16%	15%	27%	10%	15%	15%	10%	18%	21%
[VOL] Friends and family	<1%	<1%	1%	0%	4%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	<1%	4%	1%	<1%	<.5%	<.5%	2%	2%	2%	<.5%	2%	0%	0%	4%	<.5%	<1%	2%	<.5%	3%	2%	<.5%	0%	2%	2%	0%	<1%	2%	<.5%	1%
[VOL] International news sources (such as the BBC, Al Jazeera and The Guardian)	2%	1%	3%	4%	2%	3%	0%	3%	0%	0%	2%	2%	3%	3%	0%	0%	3%	3%	<1%	3%	2%	1%	3%	2%	3%	<1%	2%	2%	1%	2%	4%	<.5%	0%	4%	3%	<1%	4%
[VOL] Aggregation sites (such as Bing, Google, Yahoo News or Apple News)	6%	8%	4%	6%	8%	8%	1%	6%	3%	9%	8%	5%	9%	4%	8%	5%	12%	7%	6%	6%	3%	7%	6%	6%	7%	5%	9%	8%	3%	10%	9%	7%	2%	8%	7%	2%	10%
[VOL] Conservative news sites	<.5%	<1%	<.5%	0%	1%	<.5%	<.5%	<1%	0%	0%	<1%	<.5%	1%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	0%	<.5%	<1%	2%	0%	<.5%	<1%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	1%	0%	0%	0%	1%	<.5%	0%	1%	0%
[VOL] Newsmax	3%	3%	2%	0%	2%	3%	4%	3%	<1%	0%	2%	3%	2%	4%	1%	0%	0%	3%	3%	3%	3%	0%	3%	3%	0%	5%	<1%	0%	6%	0%	2%	0%	8%	2%	<.5%	7%	<1%
[VOL] Liberal news sites (Such as Mother Jones and Occupy Democrats)	<1%	<.5%	<1%	1%	<.5%	<.5%	<1%	<1%	0%	0%	1%	<.5%	2%	<.5%	0%	0%	1%	<1%	<1%	0%	<1%	3%	<.5%	0%	2%	0%	0%	2%	0%	0%	0%	2%	0%	0%	2%	0%	0%
[VOL] Doesn’t consume news	1%	2%	<.5%	<.5%	1%	2%	<1%	1%	2%	<.5%	<1%	1%	<1%	2%	2%	<1%	0%	<.5%	<1%	3%	4%	0%	<1%	3%	<1%	2%	0%	<.5%	2%	2%	<1%	<.5%	1%	<1%	<1%	2%	0%
[VOL] Other (includes no preference and the internet)	13%	17%	8%	12%	10%	15%	9%	11%	12%	23%	10%	14%	8%	11%	9%	20%	4%	13%	15%	15%	10%	16%	13%	12%	9%	14%	24%	10%	16%	17%	10%	10%	14%	12%	9%	15%	14%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	6%	6%	7%	12%	7%	4%	4%	7%	3%	4%	8%	6%	9%	7%	8%	2%	0%	8%	8%	3%	7%	4%	6%	7%	4%	7%	15%	4%	8%	2%	9%	2%	7%	8%	5%	8%	4%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

How often, if ever, do you use social media, such as Facebook, Instagram, TikTok or others?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Often	44%	39%	51%	64%	56%	42%	25%	44%	46%	46%	45%	45%	44%	45%	47%	46%	43%	39%	44%	45%	59%	38%	48%	42%	38%	48%	50%	36%	48%	55%	45%	35%	44%	50%	39%	47%	55%
Sometimes	22%	20%	24%	26%	18%	26%	18%	20%	23%	35%	22%	22%	19%	21%	30%	28%	25%	26%	22%	18%	18%	26%	22%	21%	23%	21%	21%	24%	20%	21%	22%	23%	26%	19%	25%	22%	17%
Rarely	15%	17%	13%	6%	17%	17%	17%	15%	13%	16%	15%	14%	15%	15%	17%	13%	17%	15%	13%	18%	14%	22%	12%	17%	16%	14%	14%	15%	14%	20%	15%	15%	12%	18%	14%	14%	14%
Never	18%	24%	12%	4%	9%	15%	39%	20%	18%	4%	17%	18%	20%	20%	6%	14%	14%	20%	20%	20%	9%	14%	18%	20%	22%	16%	11%	25%	17%	4%	15%	27%	18%	13%	21%	17%	14%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	<.5%	<.5%	<.5%	0%	<1%	<.5%	<.5%	<.5%	0%	0%	<1%	<.5%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	0%	<1%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	<.5%	<1%	<.5%	0%	3%	0%	0%	0%	3%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	<.5%	0%	<1%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

(If social media user) How often, if ever, do you use TikTok?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Often	17%	13%	22%	44%	22%	11%	2%	16%	14%	29%	13%	20%	12%	18%	16%	23%	11%	18%	18%	15%	20%	15%	21%	13%	17%	17%	23%	12%	16%	28%	26%	10%	16%	22%	15%	13%	33%
Sometimes	8%	7%	10%	14%	9%	12%	<1%	6%	14%	23%	8%	9%	5%	6%	17%	19%	9%	8%	9%	6%	10%	8%	8%	9%	8%	9%	8%	9%	8%	6%	10%	8%	10%	8%	9%	7%	10%
Rarely	10%	8%	12%	7%	15%	10%	8%	9%	19%	6%	12%	9%	10%	9%	22%	9%	17%	10%	8%	10%	12%	10%	10%	9%	11%	10%	7%	11%	9%	13%	6%	14%	6%	9%	11%	10%	7%
Never	46%	48%	44%	31%	45%	52%	49%	49%	35%	38%	49%	44%	51%	47%	38%	36%	49%	44%	44%	51%	48%	53%	42%	49%	43%	48%	48%	43%	50%	49%	40%	41%	50%	47%	43%	53%	36%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%
[PREVIOUSLY] Never use social media	18%	24%	12%	4%	9%	15%	39%	20%	18%	4%	17%	18%	20%	20%	6%	14%	14%	20%	20%	20%	9%	14%	18%	20%	22%	16%	11%	25%	17%	4%	15%	27%	18%	13%	21%	17%	14%
[PREVIOUSLY] Don't know/Refused	<.5%	<.5%	<.5%	0%	<1%	<.5%	<.5%	<.5%	0%	0%	<1%	<.5%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	0%	<1%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	<.5%	<1%	<.5%	0%	3%	0%	0%	0%	3%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	<.5%	0%	<1%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

How many hours per day do you spend playing video games?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
None at all	61%	58%	64%	28%	55%	69%	72%	60%	64%	58%	60%	60%	60%	60%	59%	61%	66%	60%	62%	59%	57%	54%	61%	62%	61%	61%	60%	63%	64%	46%	55%	69%	70%	47%	63%	68%	43%
More than none but less than 1 hour	15%	19%	11%	27%	22%	11%	7%	15%	8%	25%	16%	14%	18%	14%	11%	18%	13%	13%	16%	17%	15%	15%	13%	17%	13%	14%	26%	12%	15%	22%	15%	13%	13%	18%	12%	13%	23%
More than 1 hour but less than 2	11%	12%	10%	22%	11%	8%	8%	10%	13%	11%	13%	10%	11%	10%	22%	8%	9%	12%	10%	7%	17%	12%	12%	9%	11%	11%	12%	10%	8%	17%	15%	9%	10%	15%	11%	9%	14%
More than 2 hours but less than 3	5%	5%	5%	8%	4%	4%	5%	5%	5%	6%	5%	5%	5%	5%	5%	6%	4%	3%	3%	8%	9%	6%	4%	6%	6%	5%	0%	5%	5%	<1%	4%	3%	4%	8%	6%	4%	6%
More than 3 hours but less than 4	1%	2%	<1%	3%	2%	<1%	0%	1%	3%	0%	<1%	2%	1%	2%	0%	2%	5%	2%	1%	0%	0%	3%	2%	<.5%	1%	2%	0%	1%	<1%	<1%	3%	<1%	<1%	2%	1%	<1%	3%
More than 4 hours but less than 5	2%	1%	3%	4%	1%	2%	2%	2%	3%	0%	1%	2%	2%	3%	0%	2%	3%	5%	<1%	0%	0%	3%	3%	<.5%	2%	2%	0%	2%	<.5%	6%	5%	1%	0%	4%	2%	<.5%	5%
5 hours or more	5%	4%	6%	7%	2%	6%	4%	5%	4%	0%	2%	6%	1%	7%	2%	2%	0%	5%	5%	8%	1%	6%	3%	6%	5%	5%	0%	5%	5%	7%	<1%	4%	2%	5%	3%	5%	6%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	<1%	<1%	<1%	<.5%	3%	0%	<.5%	<1%	<1%	0%	2%	<.5%	2%	0%	1%	0%	0%	<1%	2%	0%	1%	0%	1%	<1%	1%	<.5%	2%	1%	<.5%	0%	2%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	1%	0%	0%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

Have you yourself ever invested in, traded or used a cryptocurrency such as Bitcoin or Ether [ee-ther]?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Yes	16%	22%	10%	31%	20%	13%	5%	15%	18%	20%	17%	16%	16%	14%	21%	18%	12%	20%	14%	14%	13%	13%	19%	13%	15%	18%	7%	14%	16%	19%	18%	10%	16%	21%	15%	15%	21%
No	83%	76%	90%	69%	77%	87%	95%	85%	80%	77%	83%	83%	84%	86%	79%	79%	88%	79%	84%	86%	87%	84%	80%	87%	85%	81%	91%	86%	82%	81%	80%	90%	84%	78%	85%	84%	77%
[VOL] Have not heard of this	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	<1%	1%	<.5%	0%	3%	0%	<.5%	<.5%	1%	3%	<.5%	1%	<.5%	0%	0%	3%	0%	1%	1%	0%	0%	3%	<1%	<.5%	<.5%	<1%	2%	0%	1%	0%	2%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	<.5%	<.5%	2%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

Have you gotten any doses of a Covid-19 vaccine, including boosters?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Yes, multiple times	53%	50%	58%	46%	42%	52%	73%	55%	45%	51%	66%	47%	69%	49%	59%	43%	48%	52%	51%	55%	64%	52%	57%	50%	80%	33%	44%	83%	33%	49%	40%	77%	34%	56%	79%	32%	42%
Yes, just once	15%	15%	15%	16%	12%	17%	11%	12%	20%	25%	14%	15%	12%	13%	18%	24%	17%	19%	14%	7%	13%	20%	16%	11%	12%	15%	24%	9%	13%	35%	18%	12%	13%	17%	12%	15%	16%
No	31%	35%	27%	37%	43%	31%	16%	31%	34%	24%	18%	37%	17%	38%	23%	32%	35%	29%	32%	37%	24%	28%	25%	38%	6%	52%	29%	6%	53%	16%	40%	9%	54%	26%	8%	52%	41%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	1%	<1%	<1%	<.5%	3%	<1%	0%	2%	1%	0%	2%	<.5%	3%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	<1%	3%	1%	0%	0%	2%	<1%	2%	<1%	3%	2%	<1%	<1%	2%	2%	0%	<.5%	<1%	<1%	<1%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

Are you, or is any member of your household, a member of a labor union?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Yes, you are a member	12%	16%	8%	6%	14%	13%	13%	14%	9%	9%	8%	14%	8%	16%	9%	9%	8%	11%	16%	12%	7%	11%	11%	14%	13%	10%	18%	14%	12%	12%	9%	14%	7%	15%	14%	11%	9%
Yes, another member of your household is a member	7%	6%	8%	9%	7%	8%	4%	6%	10%	8%	9%	6%	9%	4%	7%	10%	10%	8%	5%	2%	13%	7%	6%	8%	6%	6%	12%	6%	7%	5%	8%	8%	6%	8%	9%	6%	5%
Yes, you and another member of your household are members	3%	2%	4%	2%	3%	2%	5%	4%	3%	0%	3%	3%	3%	4%	2%	<1%	3%	5%	4%	0%	0%	4%	4%	1%	3%	3%	2%	3%	4%	0%	1%	4%	6%	<.5%	3%	5%	0%
No	77%	75%	79%	82%	74%	75%	78%	76%	77%	78%	78%	77%	79%	76%	73%	79%	70%	75%	74%	84%	81%	73%	78%	76%	76%	80%	64%	74%	77%	83%	79%	72%	81%	77%	72%	78%	85%
[VOL] Don’t know/Refused	1%	1%	2%	0%	3%	2%	0%	<1%	1%	5%	3%	<1%	2%	0%	8%	<1%	9%	1%	<1%	1%	0%	5%	1%	<1%	2%	<.5%	4%	2%	<.5%	0%	3%	2%	0%	<.5%	2%	<.5%	<1%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

And just a few more questions for demographic purposes... Do you consider yourself politically liberal, moderate or conservative?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Very liberal	7%	8%	7%	11%	10%	3%	7%	9%	2%	1%	12%	5%	15%	6%	6%	0%	9%	8%	6%	3%	14%	12%	9%	4%	14%	2%	8%	16%	<.5%	5%	6%	15%	<1%	7%	16%	2%	<1%
Somewhat liberal	12%	9%	15%	12%	19%	8%	11%	12%	11%	15%	16%	10%	15%	11%	20%	10%	14%	10%	15%	11%	12%	15%	12%	12%	23%	4%	5%	21%	5%	23%	6%	22%	5%	13%	20%	5%	11%
Moderate	37%	37%	38%	39%	32%	34%	46%	36%	47%	39%	37%	37%	35%	36%	42%	44%	23%	42%	33%	41%	34%	26%	41%	35%	44%	32%	32%	45%	28%	47%	35%	43%	20%	48%	48%	30%	31%
Somewhat conservative	22%	23%	20%	19%	16%	32%	15%	23%	19%	19%	17%	23%	16%	26%	25%	16%	23%	19%	19%	24%	30%	25%	18%	25%	13%	27%	35%	13%	27%	24%	27%	14%	34%	20%	12%	25%	32%
Very conservative	14%	17%	11%	10%	7%	21%	16%	15%	4%	10%	13%	15%	14%	16%	7%	7%	6%	14%	15%	20%	9%	7%	12%	19%	<1%	28%	2%	<1%	33%	<1%	3%	1%	37%	6%	<.5%	37%	5%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	8%	6%	9%	9%	17%	2%	5%	5%	17%	16%	4%	9%	5%	5%	<1%	23%	24%	7%	12%	1%	0%	15%	7%	6%	6%	7%	17%	5%	6%	0%	24%	4%	4%	6%	4%	2%	21%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

Which of the following general income categories is your total household income before taxes?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Under $25,000	8%	7%	9%	3%	7%	9%	13%	8%	13%	5%	2%	11%	2%	11%	1%	13%	19%	7%	7%	13%	5%	11%	8%	9%	7%	9%	10%	8%	8%	5%	15%	7%	10%	8%	8%	9%	8%
At least $25,000 but under $50,000	20%	15%	25%	23%	16%	18%	28%	18%	23%	36%	9%	26%	7%	23%	17%	35%	34%	25%	15%	21%	15%	25%	22%	16%	18%	21%	25%	18%	19%	30%	23%	24%	18%	17%	21%	19%	24%
At least $50,000 but under $100,000	30%	31%	30%	34%	28%	29%	34%	30%	36%	30%	29%	31%	28%	31%	34%	33%	25%	27%	31%	31%	37%	28%	29%	33%	34%	31%	14%	34%	31%	27%	22%	32%	27%	34%	33%	26%	34%
At least $100,000 but under $200,000	24%	27%	22%	24%	32%	29%	13%	28%	12%	13%	34%	20%	36%	25%	29%	6%	4%	21%	32%	23%	25%	18%	23%	27%	26%	22%	25%	24%	25%	30%	18%	23%	29%	23%	24%	28%	19%
$200,000 or more	7%	8%	5%	7%	7%	10%	3%	7%	7%	3%	14%	3%	16%	3%	8%	4%	10%	7%	6%	3%	9%	7%	6%	7%	6%	8%	2%	6%	9%	2%	3%	4%	7%	8%	5%	9%	4%
[VOL] Refused	10%	11%	8%	9%	9%	6%	10%	9%	9%	12%	11%	8%	10%	6%	10%	10%	8%	13%	10%	9%	9%	12%	11%	9%	10%	8%	23%	10%	9%	7%	18%	10%	9%	9%	8%	9%	10%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

Do you consider yourself Catholic, Protestant, Mormon, Jewish, Muslim, some other religion, or do you have no religious affiliation?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Catholic	19%	19%	18%	12%	13%	24%	23%	20%	2%	32%	18%	19%	19%	20%	14%	16%	18%	20%	21%	15%	14%	21%	19%	17%	19%	20%	10%	20%	23%	15%	6%	20%	24%	17%	18%	25%	12%
Protestant (Christian)	27%	25%	29%	15%	23%	28%	37%	27%	32%	16%	29%	26%	29%	27%	30%	23%	20%	26%	23%	33%	34%	22%	25%	31%	22%	30%	31%	23%	32%	22%	25%	23%	38%	22%	22%	36%	19%
Mormon (LDS)	<.5%	<.5%	<.5%	0%	<1%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	<1%	<.5%	<1%	<.5%	0%	0%	2%	<.5%	0%	0%	1%	2%	<.5%	0%	<1%	<.5%	0%	<1%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	<1%	<.5%	<1%	<.5%	0%
Jewish	2%	3%	<1%	2%	2%	<1%	<.5%	<1%	2%	2%	3%	1%	3%	0%	3%	2%	6%	3%	<1%	1%	<1%	4%	2%	<.5%	2%	1%	3%	3%	<1%	0%	3%	2%	0%	3%	3%	<.5%	3%
Muslim	<1%	1%	<.5%	0%	0%	2%	0%	<.5%	0%	5%	2%	0%	<.5%	0%	8%	0%	0%	2%	0%	0%	0%	0%	1%	0%	1%	<.5%	0%	0%	<.5%	6%	0%	2%	<.5%	0%	1%	<.5%	0%
[VOL] Christian (includes Baptist, Lutheran, Episcopalian, Methodist, Adventist, Presbyterian)	11%	13%	10%	7%	11%	17%	8%	11%	19%	11%	9%	13%	8%	12%	15%	15%	13%	9%	13%	14%	10%	8%	11%	13%	11%	12%	13%	11%	13%	6%	14%	14%	10%	12%	13%	10%	14%
[VOL] Greek/Russian Orthodox	<.5%	<.5%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	<1%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	<1%	0%
Some other religion (specify)	4%	2%	5%	10%	4%	2%	1%	3%	5%	9%	<1%	5%	<1%	4%	1%	9%	5%	6%	3%	3%	<1%	3%	5%	3%	4%	3%	6%	2%	<1%	2%	17%	<1%	0%	6%	4%	<.5%	8%
No religious affiliation	32%	33%	32%	49%	42%	21%	28%	34%	31%	19%	32%	32%	35%	34%	22%	27%	30%	30%	35%	28%	36%	31%	32%	32%	33%	31%	35%	34%	27%	50%	30%	32%	24%	36%	35%	22%	41%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	4%	4%	4%	4%	4%	4%	3%	3%	8%	6%	5%	4%	3%	2%	6%	7%	8%	3%	4%	6%	4%	10%	4%	3%	6%	3%	1%	7%	3%	0%	5%	5%	3%	3%	5%	4%	4%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

(If Protestant, Christian, Mormon, Greek/Russian Orthodox or some other religion) Do you consider yourself an evangelical or born-again Christian?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Yes	19%	17%	20%	8%	17%	24%	21%	18%	28%	15%	18%	19%	16%	18%	26%	20%	13%	14%	20%	25%	25%	14%	16%	24%	14%	22%	24%	14%	25%	14%	19%	16%	27%	15%	16%	26%	12%
No	25%	26%	24%	26%	23%	27%	24%	26%	27%	21%	23%	26%	23%	27%	22%	25%	20%	27%	22%	27%	25%	20%	26%	25%	25%	23%	33%	24%	22%	16%	41%	24%	20%	27%	24%	23%	29%
[PREVIOUSLY] Catholic, Jewish, Muslim, no religious affiliation or refused	55%	56%	54%	64%	59%	49%	54%	55%	41%	64%	57%	54%	59%	54%	50%	53%	61%	56%	58%	48%	50%	63%	56%	51%	60%	53%	43%	61%	52%	68%	40%	59%	50%	57%	59%	50%	57%
[VOL] Refused	1%	<1%	2%	2%	1%	<.5%	1%	<1%	4%	0%	2%	<1%	2%	<.5%	2%	2%	6%	2%	0%	0%	<.5%	3%	2%	0%	<1%	2%	0%	1%	1%	1%	<1%	<.5%	2%	1%	<.5%	2%	2%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

(If independent, another party or not sure) And as of today, do you lean more to:
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
The Democratic Party	34%	27%	43%	37%	28%	24%	52%	33%	41%	25%	43%	29%	42%	26%	44%	31%	49%	35%	31%	29%	34%	45%	39%	24%	75%	9%	25%	81%	3%	18%	33%	-	-	38%	76%	<1%	22%
The Republican Party	43%	52%	31%	51%	39%	50%	30%	44%	30%	53%	29%	50%	34%	51%	9%	49%	17%	46%	42%	43%	48%	20%	40%	53%	13%	72%	19%	6%	81%	61%	22%	-	-	42%	8%	80%	53%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	24%	22%	26%	12%	33%	26%	18%	23%	28%	22%	28%	22%	24%	22%	47%	19%	34%	19%	27%	29%	18%	35%	21%	23%	12%	19%	56%	13%	16%	21%	46%	-	-	19%	16%	19%	26%
Number of respondents	246	155	90	48	77	71	43	187	31	19	119	126	98	88	15	35	16	92	75	30	33	28	132	86	84	115	47	69	79	34	64			190	90	68	67
Percent of total electorate	100%	56%	44%	23%	25%	29%	18%	74%	13%	10%	33%	67%	26%	47%	5%	18%	6%	37%	30%	14%	12%	11%	52%	36%	34%	48%	18%	27%	32%	15%	26%			77%	33%	24%	34%

Combined: Party identification and leaners
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
The Democratic Party	43%	35%	50%	38%	40%	37%	53%	37%	70%	53%	55%	36%	50%	29%	73%	57%	74%	43%	43%	30%	43%	66%	48%	28%	90%	6%	25%	93%	3%	32%	37%	100%	0%	38%	90%	1%	24%
The Republican Party	46%	54%	39%	53%	43%	51%	41%	53%	16%	38%	32%	54%	37%	61%	10%	33%	10%	47%	45%	58%	49%	18%	42%	61%	5%	85%	21%	3%	91%	53%	26%	0%	100%	42%	4%	93%	55%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	11%	11%	11%	8%	17%	11%	6%	11%	14%	9%	14%	10%	12%	10%	17%	10%	17%	10%	12%	12%	8%	15%	10%	10%	4%	9%	54%	5%	6%	15%	37%	0%	0%	19%	6%	6%	20%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

Would you be open to commenting on the issues in this survey and be interested in being contacted by a reporter?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education				Region					Neighborhood Type			2024 Vote (Head to Head)			2024 Vote (Includes Third Parties)				Party ID			2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Non-white, college	Non-white, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	City	Suburb	Rural/ Small Town	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Biden	Trump	Kennedy	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Yes	30%	33%	26%	40%	25%	38%	20%	27%	44%	38%	37%	27%	33%	24%	52%	37%	36%	40%	25%	16%	30%	29%	34%	24%	35%	27%	23%	33%	22%	55%	25%	35%	19%	32%	33%	21%	41%
No	70%	67%	74%	60%	75%	62%	80%	73%	56%	62%	63%	73%	67%	76%	48%	63%	64%	60%	75%	84%	70%	71%	66%	76%	65%	73%	77%	67%	78%	45%	75%	65%	81%	68%	67%	79%	59%
Number of respondents	520	282	235	73	147	162	121	397	69	40	239	278	194	201	38	71	33	174	164	75	74	67	265	188	223	247	50	193	200	48	79	143	131	190	228	184	82
Percent of total electorate	100%	50%	49%	16%	24%	31%	25%	74%	12%	11%	31%	67%	24%	49%	7%	16%	6%	33%	32%	16%	14%	12%	50%	38%	42%	49%	9%	36%	40%	10%	15%	27%	26%	36%	40%	34%	20%

Party ID is self-identified party, without leaners; independents include only self-identified independents. Party registration is the respondent’s party as listed on the voter file.

Gender is self-reported if the respondent completed the full questionnaire; otherwise, it is based on the interviewer’s determination. If neither is available, it is as reported on the voter file.

Neighborhood type is a New York Times classification based on each voter’s address. Voters within a metropolitan area’s central city are classified as living in a city. Voters living in a metropolitan area but outside the central city are considered suburban if they live in a census-designated urban area. All other voters — those living in nonmetropolitan areas and those living in non-urbanized parts of metropolitan areas outside the central city — are classified as living in small towns or rural areas.

Methodology

How These Polls Were Conducted

Here are the key things to know about this set of polls from The New York Times, The Philadelphia Inquirer and Siena College:

• We spoke with 4,097 registered voters from April 28 to May 9, 2024.

• Our polls are conducted by telephone, using live interviewers, in both English and Spanish. Nearly 95 percent of respondents were contacted on a cellphone for this poll.

• Voters are selected for the survey from a list of registered voters. The list contains information on the demographic characteristics of every registered voter, allowing us to make sure we reach the right number of voters of each party, race and region. For this set of polls, we placed nearly 500,000 calls to about 410,000 voters.

• To further ensure that the results reflect the entire voting population, not just those willing to take a poll, we give more weight to respondents from demographic groups underrepresented among survey respondents, like people without a college degree. You can see more information about the characteristics of our respondents and the weighted sample at the bottom of the page, under “Composition of the Sample.”

• When the states are joined together, the margin of sampling error among registered voters is plus or minus 1.8 percentage points. Each state poll has a margin of error ranging from plus or minus 3.6 points in Pennsylvania to plus or minus 4.6 points in Georgia. In theory, this means that the results should reflect the views of the overall population most of the time, though many other challenges create additional sources of error. When computing the difference between two values — such as a candidate’s lead in a race — the margin of error is twice as large.

If you want to read more about how and why we conduct our polls, you can see answers to frequently asked questions and submit your own questions here.

Methodology

The New York Times/Philadelphia Inquirer/Siena College poll in Pennsylvania and the Times/Siena polls in Arizona, Georgia, Michigan and Nevada were conducted in English and Spanish on cellular and landline telephones from April 28 to May 9, 2024. In all, 4,097 registered voters were interviewed. When all states are joined together, the margin of sampling error is plus or minus 1.8 percentage points for all registered voters and plus or minus 1.9 percentage points for the likely electorate.

The margin of sampling error for each state poll is plus or minus 3.6 percentage points in Pennsylvania, plus or minus 4.2 points in Arizona, plus or minus 4.5 points in Michigan, Nevada and Wisconsin, and plus or minus 4.6 percentage points in Georgia.

The Pennsylvania poll was funded by a grant from the Lenfest Institute for Journalism. The poll, which was designed and conducted independently from the institute, includes a deep look at voters in the Philadelphia suburbs using a statistical technique called an oversample. The results are weighted so that in the end, the poll properly reflects the attributes of the entire state and is not biased toward those voters.

Sample

The survey is a response-rate-adjusted stratified sample of registered voters on the L2 voter file. The sample was selected by The New York Times in multiple steps to account for the oversample of the Philadelphia suburbs, differential telephone coverage, nonresponse and significant variation in the productivity of telephone numbers by state.

The L2 voter file for each state was stratified by statehouse district, party, race, gender, marital status, household size, turnout history, age and homeownership. The proportion of registrants with a telephone number and the mean expected response rate, based on prior Times/Siena polls, were calculated for each stratum. The initial selection weight was equal to the reciprocal of a stratum’s mean telephone coverage and modeled response rate. For respondents with multiple telephone numbers on the L2 file, the number with the highest modeled response rate was selected.

Fielding

The samples for each state were stratified by party, race and region and fielded by the Siena College Research Institute, with additional field work by ReconMR, the Public Opinion Research Lab at the University of North Florida, the Institute for Policy and Opinion Research at Roanoke College, and the Center for Public Opinion and Policy Research at Winthrop University in South Carolina. Interviewers asked for the person named on the voter file and ended the interview if the intended respondent was not available. Overall, 94 percent of respondents were reached on a cellular telephone.

The instrument was translated into Spanish by ReconMR, and Spanish-speaking interviewers were assigned to the modeled Hispanic sample. Bilingual interviewers began the interview in English and were instructed to follow the lead of the respondent in determining whether to conduct the survey in English or Spanish. Monolingual Spanish-speaking respondents who were initially contacted by English-speaking interviewers were recontacted by Spanish-speaking interviewers. Overall, 19 percent of interviews among self-reported Hispanics were conducted in Spanish, including 21 percent in Nevada and 17 percent in Arizona.

An interview was determined to be complete for the purposes of inclusion in the ballot test questions if the respondent did not drop out of the survey by the end of the two self-reported variables used in weighting — age and education — and answered at least one of the age, education, race or presidential election ballot test questions.

Weighting — registered voters

The survey was weighted by The Times using the R survey package in multiple steps.

First, the samples were adjusted for unequal probability of selection by stratum.

Second, the five state samples and the samples of the the Philadelphia suburbs and the rest of Pennsylvania were weighted separately to match voter-file-based parameters for the characteristics of registered voters by state.

The following targets were used:

• Party (party registration if available, else classification based on a model of vote choice in prior Times/Siena polls) by modeled L2 race (except Wisconsin)

• Age by gender (self-reported age, or voter file age if the respondent refuses)

• Race or ethnicity (L2 model)

• Education (four categories of self-reported education, weighted to match NYT-based targets derived from Times/Siena polls, census data and the L2 voter file)

• White/nonwhite by education (L2 model of race by self-reported education, weighted to match NYT-based targets derived from Times/Siena polls, census data and the L2 voter file)

• Marital status (L2 model)

• Homeownership (L2 model)

• State regions (NYT classifications by county or city)

• Turnout history (NYT classifications based on L2 data)

• Vote method in the 2020 elections (NYT classifications based on L2 data)

• History of voting in the 2020 presidential primary (Pennsylvania and Wisconsin only, NYT classifications based on L2 data)

• Census block group density (Arizona only, based on American Community Survey five-year census block-group data)

• Census tract educational attainment

In Pennsylvania, the samples from the Philadelphia suburbs and the rest of the state were combined and adjusted to account for the oversample of the Philadelphia suburbs.

Finally, the six state samples were balanced to each represent one-sixth of the sum of the weights.

The sample of respondents who completed all questions in the survey was weighted identically, as well as to the result for the general election horse race question (including leaners) on the full sample.

Weighting — likely electorate

The survey was weighted by The Times using the R survey package in multiple steps.

First, the samples were adjusted for unequal probability of selection by stratum.

Second, the first-stage weight was adjusted to account for the probability that a registrant would vote in the 2024 election, based on a model of turnout in the 2020 election.

Third, the five state samples and the samples of the Philadelphia suburbs and the rest of Pennsylvania were weighted separately to match targets for the composition of the likely electorate. The targets for the composition of the likely electorate were derived by aggregating the individual-level turnout estimates described in the previous step for registrants on the L2 voter file. The categories used in weighting were the same as those previously mentioned for registered voters.

In Pennsylvania, the samples from the Philadelphia suburbs and the rest of the state were combined and adjusted to account for the oversample of the Philadelphia suburbs.

Fourth, the initial likely electorate weight was adjusted to incorporate self-reported vote intention. The final probability that a registrant would vote in the 2024 election was four-fifths based on their ex ante modeled turnout score and one-fifth based on their self-reported intention, based on prior Times/Siena polls, including a penalty to account for the tendency of survey respondents to turn out at higher rates than nonrespondents. The final likely electorate weight was equal to the modeled electorate rake weight, multiplied by the final turnout probability and divided by the ex ante modeled turnout probability.

Finally, the six state samples were balanced to each represent one-sixth of the sum of the weights.

The margin of error accounts for the survey’s design effect, a measure of the loss of statistical power due to survey design and weighting. The design effect for the full sample is 1.33 for registered voters and 1.5 for the likely electorate. The design effect for the sample of completed interviews is 1.38 for registered voters and 1.53 for the likely electorate.

Historically, The Times/Siena Poll’s error at the 95th percentile has been plus or minus 5.1 percentage points in surveys taken over the final three weeks before an election. Real-world error includes sources of error beyond sampling error, such as nonresponse bias, coverage error, late shifts among undecided voters and error in estimating the composition of the electorate.