PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
Beth D. Darnall, PhD; Anuradha Roy, MSc; Abby L. Chen, BS; et al.
This randomized clinical trial compares a single-session pain management skills class with 8 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy and 1 session of health education for patients with chronic low back pain.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2113401. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.13401
ONCOLOGY
Christina A. Fleming, MD; Emer P. O’Connell, MD; Richard G. Kavanagh, MD, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines associations among body composition profiles, inflammatory marker expressions, and 5-year colon cancer outcomes.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2115274. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.15274
GERIATRICS
David Burnes, PhD; David W. Hancock, PhD; John Eckenrode, PhD; et al.
This cohort study estimates the incidence of elder mistreatment in New York State and identifies factors associated with the risk of new cases.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2117758. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.17758
ONCOLOGY
Chongkai Wang, MD, MS; Jaideep Sandhu, MBBS, MPH; Ching Ouyang, PhD; et al.
This cohort study analyzes the association of metastatic disease pattern with response to programmed cell death receptor 1/programmed cell death ligand 1–targeting therapy in patients with treatment-resistant microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2118416. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.18416
GERIATRICS
Michael A. Campitelli, MPH; Susan E. Bronskill, PhD; Laura C. Maclagan, MSc; et al.
This population-based cohort study examines the association between the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in medication dispensation patterns among nursing home residents in the province of Ontario, Canada.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2118441. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.18441
HEALTH POLICY
Laurent G. Glance, MD; Caroline P. Thirukumaran, MBBS, MHA, PhD; Changyong Feng, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines whether better physician performance on the Merit-Based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) is associated with better hospital outcomes.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2118449. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.18449
EMERGENCY MEDICINE
Feng Xie, BSc; Marcus Eng Hock Ong, MBBS, MPH; Johannes Nathaniel Min Hui Liew, BSc; et al.
This cohort study examines the performance of an interpretable machine learning triage tool in estimating mortality in individuals admitted to the hospital from the emergency department.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2118467. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.18467
SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION
Eric Weintraub, MD; Chamindi Seneviratne, MD; Jessica Anane, MPH; et al.
This quality improvement study evaluates the use of a telemedicine mobile treatment unit to improve access to medications for opioid use disorder for individuals living in an underserved rural area.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2118487. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.18487
SURGERY
Craig S. Brown, MD, MSc; Seth A. Waits, MD; Michael J. Englesbe, MD; et al.
This cohort study examines correlations among different potential domains of quality for US adult liver transplant programs.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2118502. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.18502
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Invited Commentary
The Opportunity for Impactful Policy Change in Liver Transplantation—Expanding Our Definition of Quality
Aaron M. Delman, MD, MS; Latifa S. Silski, MD; Shimul A. Shah, MD, MHCM
JAMA Netw Open
NEUROLOGY
Lanfranco Pellesi, MD; Mohammad Al-Mahdi Al-Karagholi, MD; Roberto De Icco, MD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial examines whether a 2-hour infusion of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide provokes migraine attacks.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2118543. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.18543
PUBLIC HEALTH
Ruoyan Sun, PhD; David Mendez, PhD; Kenneth E. Warner, PhD
This cross-sectional study uses data from the National Youth Tobacco Survey to investigate how nicotine product use and its associated risks have changed among middle school and high school students since 1999.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2118788. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.18788
ONCOLOGY
Chih-Hao Chen, MD; Chii-Yuan Huang, MD, PhD; Heng-Yu Haley Lin, MD, MPH; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates 4 studies for the association of sodium thiosulfate with reduced risk of ototoxic effects among patients treated with platinum-induced chemotherapy.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2118895. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.18895
PEDIATRICS
Yun Cao, MD, PhD; Siyuan Jiang, MD, PhD; Jianhua Sun, MD; et al.
This cohort study evaluates the care practices used for as well as the survival and major morbidities among very preterm infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units in China.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2118904. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.18904
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Invited Commentary
Neonatal Intensive Care for Very Preterm Infants in China
Matthew A. Rysavy, MD, PhD; Edward F. Bell, MD
JAMA Netw Open
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
Maria I. Rodriguez, MD, MPH; Menolly Kaufman, MPH; Stephan Lindner, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines extending prenatal care coverage and the association with postpartum contraception and short interpregnancy interval (IPI) births among women enrolled in Emergency Medicaid in Oregon and South Carolina.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2118912. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.18912
ONCOLOGY
Bijal A. Balasubramanian, MBBS, PhD; Robin T. Higashi, PhD; Serena A. Rodriguez, PhD, MPH; et al.
This qualitative study assesses barriers to coordinating care for patients with cancer and chronic conditions during and after cancer treatment.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2119080. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.19080
GENETICS AND GENOMICS
Cong Liu, PhD; Nur Zeinomar, PhD; Wendy K. Chung, MD, PhD; et al.
This cohort study of multiple US medical centers with electronic medical records linked to genotype data examines the association of the ancestry of populations used to model polygenic risk scores for breast cancer with their ability to estimate cancer risk for women with different racial/ethnic ancestries.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2119084. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.19084
SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION
Andrew Blake, MD, MBA; James E. Smith, PhD
This decision analytical model evaluates potential improvements in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) care cascade among people who inject drugs (PWID), focusing on improved testing, treatment uptake, and access to harm reduction.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2119092. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.19092
HEALTH INFORMATICS
Mateusz Buda, MSc; Ashirbani Saha, PhD; Ruth Walsh, MD; et al.
This diagnostic study presents a large-scale data set of digital breast tomosynthesis images to facilitate the development and evaluation of artificial intelligence algorithms for breast cancer screening and develops and tests a baseline deep learning model for breast cancer detection.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2119100. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.19100
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Invited Commentary
Data Quality, Data Sharing, and Moving Artificial Intelligence Forward
Joann G. Elmore, MD, MPH; Christoph I. Lee, MD, MS, MBA
JAMA Netw Open
MEDICAL EDUCATION
Liselotte N. Dyrbye, MD, MHPE; Daniel Satele, BA; Colin P. West, MD, PhD
This cohort study assesses the association between learning environment experiences by the beginning of year 2 of medical school and subsequent reporting of burnout symptoms, empathy, and career regret during year 4 of medical school among respondents to the Association of American Medical Colleges Second-Year Survey and Graduation Questionnaire.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2119110. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.19110
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Invited Commentary
The Learning Environment and Medical Student Burnout
Charles H. Griffith III, MD
JAMA Netw Open
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Madhura S. Rane, PhD; Pejman Rohani, PhD; M. Elizabeth Halloran, MD, DSc
This cohort study assesses whether undervaccination or a delay in vaccination with the diphtheria-tetanus–acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine is associated with pertussis risk in infants and young children.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2119118. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.19118
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Invited Commentary
Pertussis Vaccination—A Critical Priority for Us All
Henry Bernstein, DO, MHCM; Veronica Valentine McNally, JD
JAMA Netw Open
NUTRITION, OBESITY, AND EXERCISE
O. Yaw Addo, PhD; Emma X. Yu, MPH; Anne M. Williams, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study uses multinational data to evaluate the current World Health Organization hemoglobin cutoffs for defining anemia among persons who are apparently healthy.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2119123. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.19123
ONCOLOGY
Wangmi Liu, MD; Xiankuan Xie, MD; Yiying Qi, MD; et al.
This genetic association study examines immune-related gene expression in osteosarcoma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas project and assesses the association of gene expression profiles with survival outcomes.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2119132. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.19132
SURGERY
Kristine A. Huynh, BS; Mayank Jayaram, BS; Chang Wang, BS; et al.
This cross-sectional study investigates the association between Medicaid expansion and autologous breast reconstruction rates among women who underwent mastectomy.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2119141. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.19141
PEDIATRICS
Rocco Pallin, MPH; Garen J. Wintemute, MD, MPH; Nicole Kravitz-Wirtz, PhD, MPH
This survey study compares firearm ownership and storage practices, opinions on firearm injury prevention strategies, and perceptions of safety among adults in California households with and without children and/or adolescents.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2119146. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.19146
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Jen-Wei Liu, MS; Shen-Hua Lin, BS; Lin-Chien Wang, MS; et al.
This systematic review and network meta-analysis assesses neuraminidase inhibitors and an endonuclease inhibitor for safety and efficacy against seasonal influenza in children and adults.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2119151. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.19151
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Sarah M. Bartsch, MPH; Kim F. Wong, PhD; Leslie E. Mueller, MPH; et al.
This computational simulation modeling study uses an agent-based model to identify target facilities and assess the optimal intervention to reduce the regional spread of multidrug-resistant organisms across health care facilities in Orange County, California.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2119212. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.19212
MEDICAL EDUCATION
Christoph Becker, MD; Samuel Zumbrunn, BMed; Katharina Beck, PhD; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the associations of communication interventions at hospital discharge with readmission rates and other patient-relevant outcomes.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2119346. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.19346
NEPHROLOGY
Jennifer S. Scherer, MD; Kaylin C. Milazzo, BCC, MDiv; Paul L. Hebert, PhD; et al.
This survey study explores the advance care planning choices among adults receiving maintenance dialysis who hold religious or spiritual beliefs.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2119355. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.19355
HEALTH POLICY
Zara Izadi, MPharm, MAS; Jing Li, MPH; Michael Evans, MS; et al.
This cohort study examines the association between socioeconomic status and functional status among patients with rheumatoid arthritis and evaluates the association between socioeconomic status and functional declines over time in patients who received at least some rheumatology care.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2119400. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.19400
ONCOLOGY
Ahmed O. Elmehrath; Ahmed M. Afifi, MBCCh; Muneer J. Al-Husseini, MBCCh; et al.
This cohort study uses data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program to identify the most common causes of death among US men diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer from 2000 to 2016.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2119568. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.19568
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Invited Commentary
Exploring the Causes of Death Among Patients With Metastatic Prostate Cancer—A Changing Landscape
Samuel W. D. Merriel, MSc; Tanimola Martins, PhD; Sarah E. R. Bailey, PhD
JAMA Netw Open
PSYCHIATRY
Darren Chai, MD; Tea Rosic, MD; Balpreet Panesar, BSc; et al.
This cohort study uses data from the Pharmacogenetics of Opioid Substitution Treatment Response study to identify common patient-reported goals for youths receiving medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) and assesses whether these patients achieve their stated goals.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2119600. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.19600
SURGERY
Tonje Okkenhaug Johansen, MD; Jarle Sundseth, MD, PhD; Oddrun Anita Fredriksli, MD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial examines 5-year outcomes among patients who underwent surgical treatment for cervical radiculopathy with arthroplasty vs fusion.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2119606. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.19606
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Invited Commentary
The Ongoing Debate of Arthroplasty or Fusion for Cervical Radiculopathy
Elie Massaad, MD, MMSc; Ali Kiapour, PhD, MMSc; John H. Shin, MD
JAMA Netw Open
HEALTH POLICY
Asmae Toumi, BS; Haoruo Zhao, BS; Jagpreet Chhatwal, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines the association of limited in-person attendance at US National Football League (NFL) and National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football games with changes in county-level COVID-19 case numbers.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2119621. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.19621
ONCOLOGY
Ashley E. Prosper, MD; Kosuke Inoue, MD, PhD; Kathleen Brown, MD; et al.
This cohort study of the National Lung Screening Trial uses a transportability formula to estimate whether improved access to low-dose computed tomographic screening among Black individuals would improve mortality rates over trial estimates.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2119629. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.19629
PEDIATRICS
Chris Feudtner, MD, PhD, MPH; Russell Nye, PhD; Douglas L. Hill, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional analysis describes symptoms among patients receiving pediatric palliative care based on parental report via a validated, structured symptom assessment measure.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2119730. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.19730
HEALTH POLICY
Samuel U. Takvorian, MD, MSHP; Laura Yasaitis, PhD; Manqing Liu, MHS; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines differences in cancer care spending and utilization for patients with private insurance undergoing common cancer surgical procedures at National Cancer Institute (NCI) centers vs community hospitals.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2119764. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.19764
SURGERY
Gregg Nelson, MD, PhD; Xiaoming Wang, PhD; Alison Nelson, MN, RN; et al.
This quality improvement study evaluates the implementation of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery pathways to examine the association with guideline adherence, length of stay, complications, readmissions, and mortality.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2119769. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.19769
HEMATOLOGY
Orly Leiva, MD; Olesya Baker, PhD; Andrew Jenkins, MD; et al.
This cohort study investigates the incidence of and risk factors associated with thrombotic events in patients with hypereosinophilic syndromes.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2119812. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.19812
ONCOLOGY
Michael D. White, MD; Robert H. Klein, BS; Brian Shaw, BS; et al.
This diagnostic study compares the sensitivity and accuracy for detecting leptomeningeal disease via genomic sequencing of cell-free DNA with that of cytologic assessment of cerebrospinal fluid obtained from patients with suspected or cytologically confirmed leptomeningeal disease.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120040. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20040
ONCOLOGY
Connie M. Ulrich, PhD, RN; Kathleen Knafl, PhD; Anessa M. Foxwell, MSN, NP; et al.
This qualitative study examines patient-participants’ experiences during withdrawal from cancer clinical trials.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120052. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20052
ONCOLOGY
Lauren J. Beesley, PhD; Andrew G. Shuman, MD; Michelle L. Mierzwa, MD; et al.
This prognostic study reports on the development of a model including factors used in establishing an individualized prognosis for locoregional recurrence, distant metastasis, and survival in patients with oropharyngeal cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120055. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20055
CARDIOLOGY
Gregory Y. H. Lip, MD; Allison V. Keshishian, MPH; Yan Zhang, PhD; et al.
This cohort study compares the risk of stroke and/or systemic embolism and major bleeding among patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and high risk of gastrointestinal bleeding who received non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants vs warfarin.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120064. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20064
UROLOGY
Szu-Yuan Wu, MD, MPH, PhD; Chia-Lun Chang, MD; Chang-I Chen, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines the perioperative and postoperative surgical complications among patients with prostate cancer who underwent open, laparoscopic, or robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120156. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20156
GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
Rachel B. Issaka, MD, MAS; Ari Bell-Brown, MPH; Cyndy Snyder, PhD; et al.
This qualitative study investigates clinician-identified barriers and facilitators to colonoscopy completion among patients in a safety net health care system who receive abnormal fecal immunochemical test (FIT) results.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120159. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20159
EMERGENCY MEDICINE
Masashi Okubo, MD, MS; Sho Komukai, PhD; Clifton W. Callaway, MD, PhD; et al.
This cohort study evaluates survival and functional status outcomes associated with timing of epinephrine administration in adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with or without initial shockable cardiac rhythms.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120176. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20176
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Invited Commentary
Early Epinephrine Administration for Cardiac Arrest
Jasmeet Soar, MB BChir; Katherine M. Berg, MD
JAMA Netw Open
SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION
Kao-Ping Chua, MD, PhD; Chad M. Brummett, MD; Sophia Ng, PhD; et al.
This cohort study investigates the association of overlapping opioid and benzodiazepine prescriptions with overdose risk when prescribed by multiple vs single prescribers.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120353. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20353
GLOBAL HEALTH
Zhen Zhai, MD; Jian Ruan, MD; Yi Zheng, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study uses data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 to evaluate the temporal trends and epidemiological distribution of mesothelioma worldwide from 1990 to 2017.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120360. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20360
PUBLIC HEALTH
Seth A. Berkowitz, MD, MPH; Neal Curran, BA; Sam Hoeffler, MS; et al.
This cohort study of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) beneficiaries evaluates whether participation in SuperSNAP, a program that provides additional funds for purchase of fruits and vegetables, is associated with purchases of healthier food.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120377. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20377
ONCOLOGY
Jung Eun Yoo, MD, PhD; Dong Wook Shin, MD, MBA, DrPH; Kyungdo Han, PhD; et al.
This cohort study uses data from the Korean National Health Insurance System database to evaluate the relative association of frequency of drinking vs amount of alcohol consumed per occasion with the development of gastrointestinal cancers.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120382. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20382
PUBLIC HEALTH
Anders Hviid, DrMedSci; Emilia Myrup Thiesson, MSc
This cohort study investigates the risk of primary ovarian insufficiency after human papillomavirus vaccination among Danish girls and women.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120391. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20391
NEUROLOGY
Pankaja Desai, PhD; Denis Evans, MD; Klodian Dhana, MD, PhD; et al.
This cohort study uses data from the Chicago Health and Aging Project to evaluate the association of physical activity and total tau concentrations with cognitive decline at baseline and over time
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120398. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20398
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
Justine Chinn, BS; Shaina Sedighim, MD; Katharine A. Kirby, MS; et al.
This cohort study examines morbidity and mortality outcomes among US women giving birth with COVID-19.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120456. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20456
PSYCHIATRY
José Alexandre S. Crippa, PhD; Antonio W. Zuardi, PhD; Francisco S. Guimarães, PhD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial assesses the safety and efficacy of cannabidiol plus standard care vs standard care alone for the treatment of emotional exhaustion and burnout symptoms among frontline health care professionals working with patients with COVID-19.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120603. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20603
GERIATRICS
Lee B. Bockus, MD, PhD; Mary L. Biggs, PhD; Heidi T. M. Lai, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines the association of circulating levels of 3 very-long-chain saturated fatty acids—arachidic acid, behenic acid, and lignoceric acid—with unhealthy aging events, including incident chronic disease, physical dysfunction, and cognitive decline.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120616. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20616
GERIATRICS
James S. Goodwin, MD; Shuang Li, PhD; Erin Hommel, MD; et al.
This cohort study assesses whether the number of hospitalists providing care is associated with subsequent hospital complications and length of stay.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120622. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20622
GLOBAL HEALTH
Markus Heemann, MSc; Rockli Kim, ScD; Sebastian Vollmer, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study assesses the prevalence of child undernutrition through an evaluation of dietary and anthropometric measures in 55 low- and middle-income countries.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120627. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20627
ONCOLOGY
Vasily Giannakeas, MPH; Steven A. Narod, MD
This cohort study examines the association between a new diagnosis of thrombocytosis and the subsequent incidence of cancer among adults aged 40 to 75 years in Ontario, Canada.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120633. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20633
MEDICAL EDUCATION
Linda H. Pololi, MBBS; Vasilia Vasiliou, PhD, MBA; Kimberly Bloom-Feshbach, MD
This qualitative study examines how the COVID-19 pandemic affected midcareer research faculty in academic medicine.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120642. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20642
EMERGENCY MEDICINE
Nicholas E. Harrison, MD, MS; Robert R. Ehrman, MD, MS; Andrea Curtin, MD; et al.
This cohort study evaluates the use of emergency medical system transport to emergency departments during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120728. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20728
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Invited Commentary
Avoidance of Emergency Care—A Marker of Long-standing Inequities
Laura G. Burke, MD, MPH; Jose F. Figueroa, MD, MPH
JAMA Netw Open
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Paddy Ssentongo, MD, PhD, MPH; Christine Hehnly, BS; Patricia Birungi; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the prevalence of congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) in young infants by economic status of countries as well as factors contributing to the diagnosis and prevalence.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120736. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20736
NEUROLOGY
Hong-Qiu Gu, PhD; Xin Yang, MD; Chun-Juan Wang, MD; et al.
This quality improvement study examines variations in and temporal trends of performance measures and in-hospital outcomes in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack in the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance program.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120745. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20745
PUBLIC HEALTH
Arthur J. Reynolds, PhD; Suh-Ruu Ou, PhD; Lauren Eales, MA; et al.
This cohort study examines the associations between an early childhood program providing multisystemic services from ages 3 to 9 years and midlife cardiovascular disease risk and whether years of education attained mediate these associations.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120752. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20752
SURGERY
Daichi Kitaguchi, MD; Nobuyoshi Takeshita, MD, PhD; Hiroki Matsuzaki, MS; et al.
This prognostic study evaluates the performance of a newly developed 3-dimensional convolutional neural network for automatic surgical skill assessment in classification tasks through laparoscopic colorectal surgical videos.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120786. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20786
PEDIATRICS
Erica C. Kaye, MD, MPH; Sarah Rockwell, MSN, MPH, RN, CPNP; Cameka Woods, MBA, CRA; et al.
This qualitative study identifies key communication strategies used by oncologists to build and sustain therapeutic alliance with children with advancing cancer and their families, developing a framework to inform clinical practice and future investigation of therapeutic alliance.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120925. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20925
GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
Jose Ignacio Vargas, MD; Daniela Jensen, MD; Felipe Martínez, MD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial compares the standard hepatitis B virus (HBV) revaccination schedule for patients with HIV vs a regimen with higher doses.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120929. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20929
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Rebecca Gale, MPH; Samuel Eberlein, MHDS; Garth Fuller, MS; et al.
This survey study investigates individuals' decision-making process for seeking emergency department treatment for conditions unrelated to COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic using hypothetical scenarios.
has active quiz
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120940. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20940
SURGERY
Lee Erez, MD; Ginette Schiby, MD; Imri Amiel, MD; et al.
This cohort study examines whether the aggregate of clinical, laboratory, imaging, and pathologic preoperative data is associated with a clinically beneficial pathologic study for routine splenectomy surgical specimens.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120946. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20946
ONCOLOGY
Crystal Seldon, MD; Gautam Shrivastava, ScM; Abdurrahman Al-Awady, BS; et al.
This cohort study investigates variations in treatment management in young adults vs older adults with extremity soft-tissue sarcomas.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2120951. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20951
CARDIOLOGY
Krishna K. Patel, MD, MSc; Carole Decker, RN, PhD; Christina M. Pacheco, JD, MPH; et al.
This qualitative study designs and tests a patient-centered report for stress myocardial perfusion imaging test results.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121011. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21011
DIABETES AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
Linhong Wang, MD; Wei Yu, MD; Xiangjun Yin, MD; et al.
This cross-sectional study evaluates the prevalence of and factors associated with osteoporosis, clinical fractures, and vertebral fractures among adults 40 years or older in mainland China by sex, age group, and urban vs rural residence.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121106. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21106
HEALTH POLICY
Kyung Mi Kim, PhD, RN; Justin S. White, PhD; Wendy Max, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines the outcomes of Medicare patients who underwent surgery before and after implementation of the Hospital-Acquired Conditions Present on Admission program.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121115. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21115
NEUROLOGY
Joel Salinas, MD, MBA, MSc; Adrienne O’Donnell, BA; Daniel J. Kojis, BA; et al.
This cross-sectional study uses data from the Framingham Study to examine whether different forms of social support are associated with Alzheimer disease vulnerability and cognitive function.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121122. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21122
GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
Daisuke Izumi, MD, PhD; Zhongxu Zhu, PhD; Yuetong Chen, MD; et al.
This diagnostic study describes the development and validation of a microRNA-based liquid biopsy assay for early detection of gastric cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121129. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21129
PUBLIC HEALTH
Mukharram M. Bikbov, MD, PhD; Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva, MD; Ellina M. Rakhimova, MD; et al.
This cohort study assesses the prevalence of mild vision impairment, moderate to severe vision impairment, and blindness among individuals 85 years and older in Russia and examines the factors associated with moderate to severe vision impairment and blindness.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121138. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21138
ONCOLOGY
Wei Wang, MD, PhD; Ying Peng, MD; Xingyu Feng, MD, PhD; et al.
This cohort study uses pretreatment computed tomography (CT)–pixelated feature-difference extraction techniques to identify diagnostically relevant features that could predict patients’ response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121143. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21143
PEDIATRICS
Afif El-Khuffash, MD; Adam J. Lewandowski, DPhil; Amish Jain, MD, PhD; et al.
This cross-sectional study investigates the association between consumption of maternal breast milk and cardiac performance at age 1 year among individuals born preterm.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121206. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21206
SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION
David R. Strong, PhD; John P. Pierce, PhD; Kim Pulvers, PhD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial examines whether graphic warning labels on cigarette packs can affect US smokers’ perceptions about their cigarettes or health consequences and changes in smoking behavior.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121387. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21387
HEALTH POLICY
Ruyi Xia, PhD; Hongmei Zeng, PhD; Wenjun Liu, MM; et al.
This economic evaluation assesses the cost-effectiveness of endoscopic screening for esophageal and gastric cancers in a hypothetical cohort of individuals aged 40 to 69 years in areas of China where the risk of upper gastrointestinal tract cancer is high.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121403. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21403
HEALTH POLICY
Rebecca A. Gourevitch, MS; Alyna T. Chien, MD, MS; Elizabeth A. Bambury, BS; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines the association between use of an insurance-owned patient-facing price estimator tool by pregnant individuals and out-of-pocket childbirth spending.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121410. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21410
NUTRITION, OBESITY, AND EXERCISE
Emily Oken, MD, MPH; Jennifer W. Thompson, MPP; Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, MPH; et al.
This cohort study examines association of maternal prenatal body mass index with cognition and behavior of offspring born full-term.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121429. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21429
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Liselotte N. Dyrbye, MD, MHPE; Brittny Major-Elechi, MS; Prabin Thapa, BS; et al.
This cohort study examines the associations of burnout and professional satisfaction with changes in work effort among nonphysician health care workers.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121435. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21435
PUBLIC HEALTH
Haijiang Dai, MD, PhD; Arwa Younis, MD; Jude Dzevela Kong, PhD; et al.
This survey study investigates the temporal trends, regional variations, and socioeconomic disparities in major cardiovascular risk factors in Canada from 2005 to 2016.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121443. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21443
ONCOLOGY
Narumi Harada-Shoji, MD, PhD; Akihiko Suzuki, MD, PhD; Takanori Ishida, MD, PhD; et al.
This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial evaluates the performance of adjunctive ultrasonography for breast cancer screening in asymptomatic women aged 40 to 49 years undergoing screening mammography according to differences in breast density.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121505. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21505
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
Andrew Lagrotteria, MSc; Marilyn Swinton, MSc; Jessica Simon, MBChB; et al.
This qualitative study explores clinicians’ experiences with the Serious Illness Care Program 1 year after its implementation in 2 hospital wards in Canada.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121517. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21517
PSYCHIATRY
Massimiliano Orri, PhD; Sahba Besharati, PhD; Marilyn N. Ahun, PhD; et al.
This cohort study examines the association between maternal postnatal depression and offspring internalizing symptoms and the interaction of socioeconomic adversity and child sex with this association.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121667. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21667
PEDIATRICS
Gerald Jarnig, MSc, MSc; Johannes Jaunig, MSc; Mireille N. M. van Poppel, PhD
This cohort study examines the association of COVID-19 mitigation measures with changes in cardiorespiratory fitness measures and body mass index among primary schoolchildren aged 7 to 10 years in Austria.
has active quiz
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121675. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21675
CARDIOLOGY
Maria Sjölander, PhD; Bo Carlberg, MD, PhD; Margareta Norberg, MD, PhD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial examines the effect of the use of pictorial information including carotid ultrasonographic images with explanation on prescribing of lipid-lowering and antihypertensive drugs.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121683. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21683
NEUROLOGY
Joshua T. Fox-Fuller, MA; Arabiye Artola, MHS; Kewei Chen, PhD; et al.
This cohort study investigates differences in cognitive functioning by sex and genetic variant status among Colombian children the autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease presenilin 1 E280A variant.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121697. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21697
MEDICAL EDUCATION
Michelle D. Lall, MD, MHS; Karl Y. Bilimoria, MD, MS; Dave W. Lu, MD, MSCI, MBE; et al.
This survey study examines the frequency, types, and sources of perceived workplace mistreatment and the prevalence of suicidal ideation among emergency medicine residents in the US.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121706. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21706
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
Hein Odendaal, MD; Kimberly A. Dukes, PhD; Amy J. Elliott, PhD; et al.
This cohort study assesses whether prenatal exposure to alcohol, tobacco cigarettes, or both is associated with the risk of stillbirth in pregnant women from Cape Town, South Africa, and the Northern Plains region of the US.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121726. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21726
SURGERY
Andrew C. T. Ha, MD, MSc; Subodh Verma, MD, PhD; C. David Mazer, MD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial examines whether continuous cardiac rhythm monitoring enhances detection of postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) among cardiac surgical patients during the first 30 days after hospital discharge compared with usual care.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121867. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21867
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Alissa C. O’Halloran, MSPH; Rachel Holstein, MPH; Charisse Cummings, MPH; et al.
This cross-sectional study examines rates of influenza-associated hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and in-hospital death by race and ethnicity in the US from 2009 to 2019.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121880. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21880
ONCOLOGY
Jennifer W. Mack, MD, MPH; Lauren Fisher, MPH; Larry Kushi, ScD; et al.
This qualitative study assesses patient, family, and clinician perspectives on priority domains for end-of-life care for adolescents and young adults with cancer.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121888. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21888
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
Nicolas F. Schlecht, PhD; Angela Diaz, MD, PhD; Anne Nucci-Sack, MD; et al.
This cohort study of a single health center in New York City examines changes in human papillomavirus (HPV) infection rates among adolescent girls and young women following the introduction of a quadrivalent vaccine.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121893. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21893
NEPHROLOGY
Todd A. Wilson, MSc; Lawrence de Koning, PhD; Robert R. Quinn, MD, PhD; et al.
This prognostic study derives and validates a predictive model for acute kidney injury requiring kidney replacement therapy after major noncardiac surgery.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121901. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21901
NEUROLOGY
Steven J. Kittner, MD, MPH; Padmini Sekar, MS; Mary E. Comeau, MA; et al.
This case-control study examines the prevalence, odds, and population attributable risk for established and novel risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage, stratified by intracerebral hemorrhage location and racial/ethnic group.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121921. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21921
HEALTH POLICY
Joseph Giuseppe R. Paturzo, BS; Farah Hashim, BA; Chen Dun, MHS; et al.
This cross-sectional study evaluates the association of a research publication describing hospital lawsuits filed against patients for unpaid medical bills and the prevalence of this practice among hospitals in Virginia.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121926. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21926
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Florence M. Momplaisir, MD, MSHP; Barbara J. Kuter, PhD, MPH; Fatemeh Ghadimi, MD, MPH; et al.
This survey study investigates the differences in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy by race/ethnicity among health care workers at 2 large academic hospitals.
has active quiz
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121931. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21931
PUBLIC HEALTH
Jasmina Burdzovic Andreas, PhD, ScM; Geir Scott Brunborg, PhD
This cohort compares aspects of self-reported mental and physical health among adolescents in Norway before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
has active quiz
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2121934. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21934
GERIATRICS
Susan Stark, PhD; Marian Keglovits, OTD; Emily Somerville, OTD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial examines the effectiveness of a home hazard removal program in reducing risk of falls among older adults.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2122044. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.22044
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Invited Commentary
The Effect of Tailored Home Hazard Removal on Falls Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Sarah L. Szanton, PhD, ANP; Melissa D. Hladek, PhD, FNP
JAMA Netw Open
GLOBAL HEALTH
Zachary J. Madewell, PhD; Yang Yang, PhD; Ira M. Longini Jr, PhD; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis combines data from a previous meta-analysis of SARS-CoV-2 household transmission through October 19, 2020, with new data from studies published between October 20, 2020, and June 17, 2021, to provide updated estimates of household secondary attack rates.
has active quiz
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2122240. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.22240
PEDIATRICS
Kenneth A. Michelson, MD, MPH; Scott D. Reeves, MD; Joseph A. Grubenhoff, MD, MSCS; et al.
This case-control study assesses the clinical features associated with a delayed diagnosis of pediatric appendicitis and whether a delayed diagnosis can be prevented.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2122248. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.22248
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Invited Commentary
Improving Appendicitis Care for All Patients
Anupam B. Kharbanda, MD, MSc
JAMA Netw Open
ALLERGY
Ronen Shavit, MD; Ramit Maoz-Segal, MD; Mona Iancovici-Kidon, MD; et al.
This cohort study describes the assessment and immunization of highly allergic individuals with the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, as well as the rate of adverse reactions to the vaccine in this population.
has active quiz
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2122255. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.22255
NUTRITION, OBESITY, AND EXERCISE
Laural K. English, PhD; Jamy D. Ard, MD; Regan L. Bailey, PhD, MPH, RD; et al.
This systematic review describes the combinations of foods, beverages, and food groups that were associated with beneficial outcomes, according to existing research on diet and nutrition.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2122277. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.22277
PEDIATRICS
Jeffrey I. Gold, PhD; Michelle SooHoo, PhD; Andrea M. Laikin, PhD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial examines the effect of a virtual reality intervention vs standard care on pain and anxiety associated with peripheral intravenous catheter placement among patients receiving care in 2 pediatric clinical settings.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2122569. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.22569
GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
Antonio Facciorusso, MBBS; Joshua Demb, PhD; Babu P. Mohan, MD; et al.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates whether use of monetary incentives encourage adults to undergo colorectal cancer screening.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2122581. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.22581
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Invited Commentary
Financial Incentives to Improve Colorectal Cancer Screening—Time to Cut Our Losses
Rachel B. Issaka, MD, MAS; Jason A. Dominitz, MD, MHS
JAMA Netw Open
OTOLARYNGOLOGY
Tine Arras, MSc; An Boudewyns, PhD; Ingeborg Dhooge, PhD; et al.
This cohort study investigates whether early cochlear implantation is associated with language outcomes for children with prelingual single-sided deafness.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2122591. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.22591
CARDIOLOGY
Erik Björklund, MD; Carl Johan Malm, MD, PhD; Susanne J. Nielsen, PhD; et al.
This cohort study compares clinical outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndrome treated with aspirin and ticagrelor vs aspirin alone after artery bypass grafting.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2122597. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.22597
PUBLIC HEALTH
J. Carlo Hojilla, RN, PhD; Leo B. Hurley, MPH; Julia L. Marcus, PhD, MPH; et al.
This cohort study assesses factors associated with receipt and use of preexposure prophylaxis and incidence of HIV among individuals assessed for preexposure prophylaxis.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2122692. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.22692
ONCOLOGY
Shailesh M. Advani, MD, PhD; Weiwei Zhu, MS; Joshua Demb, PhD; et al.
This cohort study used data from the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium to examine associations between incidence of invasive breast cancer and breast density, body mass index, and age among women aged 65 years or older.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2122810. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.22810
PEDIATRICS
James A. Feinstein, MD, MPH; Hannah Friedman, MD; Lucas E. Orth, PharmD; et al.
This cross-sectional study uses the Medication Regimen Complexity Index to measure the complexity and potentially modifiable aspects of complex medication regimens for children with severe neurological impairment and examines the associations between the index scores and subsequent acute visits.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2122818. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.22818
DIABETES AND ENDOCRINOLOGY
Rozenn N. Lemaitre, PhD; Paul N. Jensen, PhD; Zeneng Wang, PhD; et al.
This cohort study assesses the associations of trimethylamine N-oxide and related metabolites with incident type 2 diabetes and its early markers in older US adults in the Cardiovascular Health Study.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2122844. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.22844
ONCOLOGY
Pavlos Msaouel, MD, PhD; Clara Oromendia, PhD; Arlene O. Siefker-Radtke, MD; et al.
This cohort study conducts an interim analysis of an electronic platform developed for patients to report symptoms possibly related to the toxic effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2122998. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.22998
EMERGENCY MEDICINE
Johan N. Siebert, MD; Laurie Bloudeau, EMT-P; Christophe Combescure, PhD; et al.
This randomized clinical trial compares the efficacy of conventional drug preparation methods with a custom-designed mobile app that assists emergency medical personnel in drug preparations during simulated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation in children.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2123007. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.23007
PUBLIC HEALTH
Sebastian Sandoval-Olascoaga, MSc; Atheendar S. Venkataramani, MD, PhD; Mariana C. Arcaya, ScD, MCP
This cohort study estimates the association of lifting US state–level eviction moratoria with the risk of being diagnosed with COVID-19.
has active quiz
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2129041. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29041