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QAnon has been named one of the largest extremism networks in the United States. The conspiracy theory, which began as a claim that President Trump (and Robert Mueller) were saving the world from cannibal pedophiles, grew out of 4chan message boards. Now it’s gone mainstream and it’s reaching moms and Instagram health gurus.

The group is reportedly led by “Q,” a so-called Trump insider who makes anonymous online postings. Followers of QAnon believe a lot of things but it boils down to a central message: Trump controls everything. It’s been embraced by the president and numerous politicians, but it has faced growing criticism about its presence online.

Boasting millions of devoted followers on Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube, there’s been little oversight by tech companies on regulating QAnon. The theory is also a major driver in misinformation, particularly about the 2020 election. Members of Congress have condemned the movement on Capitol Hill and in legislation, saying more needs to be done to address moderating its internet reach.

Facebook announced in October that it was banning the group from its platform, but it’s unclear how well the social networking site will enforce its new rules. Some civil rights groups claim Facebook’s actions compromise free speech; government agencies, meanwhile, have shown QAnon has been linked to real-world violence.

Social media algorithms, like Facebook’s, make QAnon-related content easily accessible for people who are dedicated followers or just simply curious. Before people know it, users can find themselves down a rabbit hole. All it takes is one click.

Follow this storystream for all of Vox’s QAnon coverage and updates.

  • Dylan Scott

    Dylan Scott

    Trump refuses to say the QAnon conspiracy theory is false

    President Trump participates in a town hall event on October 15.
    President Trump participates in a town hall event on October 15.
    President Trump participates in a town hall event on October 15.
    Brendan Smialowski/AFP via Getty Images

    President Donald Trump says he doesn’t know whether the QAnon conspiracy theory, which falsely contends prominent Democrats and global elites are part of a pedophile ring that only Trump can stop, is true or not.

    At Trump’s NBC News town hall on Thursday, held in lieu of a debate with Joe Biden after a dispute over the format, moderator Savannah Guthrie gave Trump as many opportunities as she could to denounce the theory. QAnon went viral on extremist internet forums before gaining more traction after it spread to YouTube, Reddit, and more mainstream websites.

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  • Rebecca Heilweil

    Rebecca Heilweil

    The member of Congress who’s trying to stop QAnon

    Representative Tom Malinowski, sitting on the steps of the House while looking at a laptop.
    Representative Tom Malinowski, sitting on the steps of the House while looking at a laptop.
    Tom Malinowski told Recode that he’s working on legislation focused on social media algorithms.
    Tom Williams

    On Tuesday, Facebook announced that it would be expanding its ban on QAnon, and has since begun a purge of Groups and Pages that reference the fringe, far-right conspiracy theory.

    The announcement came less than a week after the United States House of Representatives voted in favor of a resolution condemning QAnon that urged Americans to seek “information from authoritative sources and to engage in political debate from a common factual foundation.” The text of the bill referenced some of the worst parts of the QAnon theory, including its anti-Semitism and its undermining of legitimate child safety efforts, while also censuring “all other groups and ideologies that encourage people to destroy property and attack law enforcement.”

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  • Emily Stewart

    Emily Stewart

    Facebook is banning political ads ... after the election

    Biden and Trump at the debate on screens.
    Biden and Trump at the debate on screens.
    Television screens airing the first presidential debate at the Walters Sports Bar in Washington on September 29.
    Sarah Silbiger/Getty Images

    Facebook is going to temporarily ban all political ads … but only after the 2020 election, a move that solves neither its organic content problem nor the problematic political ads appearing on its platform prior to voting.

    On Wednesday, the social media giant announced that it will temporarily stop running social, electoral, and political ads in the United States after the polls close on Election Day, November 3. The measure is an effort “to reduce opportunities for confusion and abuse,” wrote Guy Rosen, Facebook’s vice president of integrity, in a blog post announcing the decision. The company will notify advertisers once it lifts the policy post-election, but it didn’t indicate when that would be. In early September, Facebook said it would ban new political ads the week before the election, but ads that have already been in the mix prior to then will continue to appear in News Feeds.

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  • Rebecca Heilweil

    Rebecca Heilweil

    Facebook bans QAnon (again)

    A person in a crowd holds up a sign that reads “We are Q.”
    A person in a crowd holds up a sign that reads “We are Q.”
    The FBI has deemed QAnon to be a domestic terrorism threat.
    Jeff Swensen/Getty Images

    Facebook said in a Tuesday press release that it “will remove any Facebook Pages, Groups and Instagram accounts representing QAnon” from its platforms. Although it’s unclear how Facebook is defining affiliations with QAnon accounts, this announcement appears to be one of the broadest bans Facebook has ever imposed.

    The new ban expands on the social network’s previous actions against the conspiracy theory and its followers. In August, Facebook announced that it had removed hundreds of QAnon Facebook Groups and Pages for “discussions of potential violence.” The company now says it will remove such Pages and Groups “even if they contain no violent content.” The announcement also comes after Facebook’s announcement last week that it will promote credible information about child safety, after QAnon hijacked related hashtags like #SaveTheChildren.

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  • Shirin Ghaffary

    Shirin Ghaffary

    Facebook and Twitter said they would crack down on QAnon, but the delusion seems unstoppable

    Puzzle pieces with QAnon forum posts and social media icons on them.
    Puzzle pieces with QAnon forum posts and social media icons on them.
    Doug Chayka for Vox

    James Wolfe, 45, no longer believes in the conspiracy theory QAnon. For a year, though, it dominated his life.

    “The thing with QAnon is that Q is dropping these little breadcrumbs every day or every couple days,” said Wolfe. “It’s so easy to feel you’re special or in on something.”

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  • Rebecca Jennings

    Rebecca Jennings

    What we can learn about QAnon from the Satanic Panic

    Demonstrators at a #SaveTheChildren rally in Keene, New Hampshire, on September 19, 2020.
    Demonstrators at a #SaveTheChildren rally in Keene, New Hampshire, on September 19, 2020.
    Demonstrators at a #SaveTheChildren rally in Keene, New Hampshire, on September 19, 2020.
    Joseph Prezioso/AFP via Getty Images

    For many supporters of the #SaveTheChildren movement, face masks are part of the problem. Rather than saving lives by slowing the spread of Covid-19, proponents argue, letting your child wear a mask makes it harder for them to cry for help, which they will need to do, because there are evil people, right now, coming to kidnap them.

    “Save the Children,” like so many other moral panics, sounds like such a plainly obvious force of good, that to question it feels like you are marching under the banner of “Fuck the Children.” What do you say, for instance, to someone who believes that there are 800,000 children being trafficked every year, and that the government does nothing to stop it?

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  • Adam Clark Estes

    Adam Clark Estes and Rebecca Heilweil

    Why mail-in voting conspiracy theories are so dangerous in 2020

    A swirl of white ballots against a black background create a hypnotic spiral.
    A swirl of white ballots against a black background create a hypnotic spiral.
    Tara Jacoby for Vox

    As the 2020 election enters its final phases, it feels like a lot could go wrong in the United States. Reports warn that hackers from Russia and China are targeting both parties, while the fringe conspiracy movement QAnon slips into the mainstream and possibly influences voters. And millions of people are talking about a different conspiracy theory, one that posits that the election has already been stolen.

    Believers say this still-unfolding scandal goes all the way to the top. It gets weird, too. According to some, a sinister millionaire is ripping equipment out of post offices so they can’t properly process mail-in ballots. Others say foreign governments are printing millions of fraudulent mail-in ballots and that “deep state” goons are raiding nursing homes to tamper with senior citizens’ mail-in ballots. One way or another, President Trump is almost always supposedly involved in these plots — either orchestrating the conspiracy or fighting the America-hating intruders. And at the end of the day, this conspiracy theory boils down to one very bad but also mundane thing: voter fraud.

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  • Anna North

    Anna North

    How #SaveTheChildren is pulling American moms into QAnon

    Protesters holding signs reading “#Save Our Children” and other messages about child trafficking.
    Protesters holding signs reading “#Save Our Children” and other messages about child trafficking.
    People march during a “Save the Children” rally outside the Capitol building in St. Paul, Minnesota, on August 22, 2020.
    Stephen Maturen/Getty Images

    The posts often beg followers to speak out, “get loud,” or wake up. Some feature bold text on a colorful background, matching the aesthetic of many Instagram slideshows this year. Others show photos of beloved children, laughing with their parents.

    Some are posted by small accounts with few followers, while others have gotten more than 100,000 likes. But all share the same message: Child sex trafficking is out of control in the US and around the world, and no one is paying attention. And they end with the hashtag #SaveTheChildren.

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  • Shirin Ghaffary

    Shirin Ghaffary

    Facebook bans blackface and certain anti-Semitic conspiracy theories

    Facebook updated its hate speech policies to ban people from posting content depicting blackface or anti-Semitic conspiracy theories that Jewish people are running the world. Above, CEO Mark Zuckerberg testifying before Congress in 2018.
    Facebook updated its hate speech policies to ban people from posting content depicting blackface or anti-Semitic conspiracy theories that Jewish people are running the world. Above, CEO Mark Zuckerberg testifying before Congress in 2018.
    Facebook updated its hate speech policies to ban people from posting content depicting blackface or anti-Semitic conspiracy theories that Jewish people are running the world. Above, CEO Mark Zuckerberg testifying before Congress in 2018.
    AFP via Getty Images

    Facebook will start banning posts that contain blackface or that promote anti-Semitic conspiracy theories that Jewish people are running the world.

    The social media giant announced the expansion of its hate speech policies in a press call on Tuesday morning. Under the new policy, Facebook will no longer allow visual or written posts that depict “caricatures of black people in the form of blackface” or “Jewish people running the world or controlling major institutions such as media networks, the economy or the government.”

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  • Aaron Ross Coleman

    Aaron Ross Coleman

    Tuesday’s Georgia runoff could help launch the Congressional QAnon Caucus

    Trump rally attendee wearing a red shirt holds a large red, white, and blue “Q” sign while waiting in line on to see President Donald J. Trump at his rally August 2, 2018. “Q” represents QAnon, a debunked conspiracy theory group.
    Trump rally attendee wearing a red shirt holds a large red, white, and blue “Q” sign while waiting in line on to see President Donald J. Trump at his rally August 2, 2018. “Q” represents QAnon, a debunked conspiracy theory group.
    A Trump rally attendee holds a large “Q” sign while waiting in line on to see President Trump at his rally August 2, 2018. “Q” represents QAnon, proponents of a debunked conspiracy theory.
    Rick Loomis/Getty Images

    Marjorie Taylor Greene, currently the leading candidate in the race for Georgia’s 14th Congressional District seat, has a campaign that marries two powerful political forces: conspiracy theories and racism.In doing so, Greene could give new energy to Trumpism in the next Congress.

    Like President Donald Trump, Greene has played on racist tropes, anti-Semitism, and conspiracy theories to amass a reputation for repudiating political correctness in favor of “truth-telling.” She has, for instance, called Q, the purported leader of the QAnon conspiracy theory — which claims Trump will save the US from “deep state” pedophiles and other malcontents — a patriot. She’s called George Soros, a Jewish Democratic donor, a Nazi. And she boasts a long history of decrying Islam, denying racial inequality, and defending Confederate memorabilia.

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  • Cameron Peters

    Cameron Peters

    The QAnon supporters winning congressional primaries, explained

    A QAnon supporter in the crowd at a Trump rally holds a sign that reads, “Q The great awakening. The storm is here WWG1WGA.”
    A QAnon supporter in the crowd at a Trump rally holds a sign that reads, “Q The great awakening. The storm is here WWG1WGA.”
    Trump supporters displaying QAnon posters appeared at a Trump rally in Tampa, Florida, on July 31, 2018.
    Thomas O’Neill/NurPhoto/Getty Images

    “Where we go one, we go all” is a frequent slogan of adherents to QAnon, a fringe conspiracy theory that posits the existence of a pedophilic “deep state” working against President Donald Trump.

    Now, it looks like at least a couple of them could be going to Washington.

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  • Katelyn Burns

    Katelyn Burns

    A QAnon supporter just won a Republican primary for US Senate

    QAnon conspiracy theorists hold signs during the protest at the state capitol in Salem, Oregon, on May 2, 2020.
    QAnon conspiracy theorists hold signs during the protest at the state capitol in Salem, Oregon, on May 2, 2020.
    QAnon conspiracy theorists hold signs during the protest at the state capitol in Salem, Oregon, on May 2, 2020.
    John Rudoff/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images

    In winning the Oregon GOP primary for the US Senate Tuesday, Jo Rae Perkins became the seventh Republican congressional candidate who openly supports QAnon, a pro-Trump conspiracy theory that maintains the president is secretly fighting “deep state” operatives and Democratic pedophiles.

    Perkins won a four-way race for the party’s Senate nomination, earning just short of 50 percent of the vote. Former naval officer Paul Romero finished second with 30 percent. Perkins will face off with incumbent Democratic Sen. Jeff Merkley in the general election on November 3, which Merkley is expected to win.

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  • Aaron Rupar

    Aaron Rupar

    Trump’s latest Twitter meltdown features QAnon, accidental self-owns, and a lot of “OBAMAGATE”

    President Donald Trump in the White House on May 9.
    President Donald Trump in the White House on May 9.
    President Donald Trump in the White House on May 9.
    Anna Moneymaker/Getty Images

    With the coronavirus continuing to ravage the country both in human and economic terms and his poll numbers sagging, President Donald Trump spent his event-free Mother’s Day posting up a storm — sending the sort of public statements that would have been cause for national concern in any previous era.

    When the smoked cleared, the 126 tweets or retweets Trump posted ending up being one of his most prolific posting days in history, falling just 16 short of the single-day posting record he set during his impeachment trial in January. Although the American public has become somewhat numb to Trump’s Twitter diatribes, the quantity was notable — and so was the lack of quality.

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  • Aaron Rupar

    Aaron Rupar

    Trump spent his holidays retweeting QAnon and Pizzagate accounts

    Trump and Melania Trump attend a Christmas Eve dinner at Mar-a-Lago.
    Trump and Melania Trump attend a Christmas Eve dinner at Mar-a-Lago.
    Trump and Melania Trump attend a Christmas Eve dinner at Mar-a-Lago.
    Nicholas Kamm/AFP via Getty Images

    In December 2015, Donald Trump infamously appeared on conspiracy theorist Alex Jones’s Infowars show, praised his “amazing” reputation, and vowed that “I will never let you down.” His Twitter behavior indicates that’s one promise he’s doing his best to keep.

    Trump’s December demonstrated that instead of becoming more “restrained” on social media — something he promised to do just before his inauguration — he’s turning it up to 11. He broke personal records with the numbers of tweets he posted. And tweets he shared over the holidays indicate he’s feeling more shameless than ever about retweeting sketchy accounts that have promoted conspiracy theories portraying his political enemies as satanist pedophiles.

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  • Jane Coaston

    Jane Coaston

    The Mueller investigation is over. QAnon, the conspiracy theory that grew around it, is not.

    Trump supporters displaying QAnon posters at a rally for President Donald Trump on July 31, 2018, in Tampa, Florida.
    Trump supporters displaying QAnon posters at a rally for President Donald Trump on July 31, 2018, in Tampa, Florida.
    Trump supporters displaying QAnon posters at a rally for President Donald Trump on July 31, 2018, in Tampa, Florida.
    NurPhoto via Getty Images

    One would think that a conspiracy theory that’s based on the idea that special counsel Robert Mueller and President Donald Trump are working together to expose thousands of cannibalistic pedophiles hidden in plain sight (including Hillary Clinton and actor Tom Hanks) and then send them to Guantanamo Bay would be doomed. Mueller’s investigation has ended and Attorney General Bill Barr’s summary of Mueller’s report has been published — all without any mention of pedophiles, cannibals, or child murderers.

    One would be wrong.

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  • Kaitlyn Tiffany

    Kaitlyn Tiffany

    How QAnon conspiracy theorists hit #2 on Amazon’s best-sellers list

    QAnon: An Invitation to the Great Awakening is No. 2 on Amazon’s Best-Sellers list as of writing.
    QAnon: An Invitation to the Great Awakening is No. 2 on Amazon’s Best-Sellers list as of writing.
    QAnon: An Invitation to the Great Awakening is No. 2 on Amazon’s Best-Sellers list as of writing.
    Amazon

    The conspiracy theory QAnon — which started on 4chan in the fall of 2017, then bubbled up across Reddit, YouTube, Twitter, and the celebrity sphere — is now topping some of Amazon’s best-sellers lists, NBC News reported Monday.

    QAnon followers claim to believe, among other things, that Hillary Clinton is the leader of a Satanic cabal that feeds on the blood of children and profits off sex trafficking, and that special counsel Robert Mueller’s investigation into the 2016 election is actually a ruse designed to cover up his close friendship and partnership with Donald Trump. The two are supposedly working together to take Clinton down and her various demonic helpers.

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