Election Updates: Big cuts after Trump’s R.N.C. takeover; Biden goes on offensive.

“It could be transformational,” Mr. Biden said during a speech to about 175 invited guests at the Y.M.C.A. Allard Center in Goffstown, N.H.

The new proposals are expansions of health care policies that Mr. Biden has already enacted, including capping the monthly price of insulin and annual out-of-pocket drug costs for those on Medicare. He talked extensively about health care during his speech to the nation last week, attacking “Big Pharma.”

But not many Americans are aware of his efforts — reflecting a wider problem Mr. Biden has in persuading voters that his first-term accomplishments have earned him another four years in the White House over his predecessor, Donald J. Trump.

For instance, only about a quarter of Americans knew that Mr. Biden had capped the price of insulin, even though such proposals had received broad public support, according to a December poll by KFF. Even many voters over 65 — those directly affected by the new policies — were not familiar with Mr. Biden’s measures, part of the Inflation Reduction Act enacted in 2022, the poll found.

Republicans in Congress are likely to oppose much of Mr. Biden’s budget.

New Hampshire, which has one of the oldest populations in the nation, was an apt setting for Mr. Biden to discuss health care. Although he won New Hampshire comfortably in 2020, the state has swingy tendencies and a Republican governor. This year the governor’s office is up for grabs, and the race is expected to be competitive.

On Monday, Mr. Biden’s performance was less energetic and loud than his State of the Union and two campaign events he held in Pennsylvania and Georgia last week. At times, it was difficult to hear him. Perhaps that reflected the less exuberant setting, an official policy rollout hosted by the White House, not a political rally organized by his campaign. The crowd was seated in white chairs on an indoor tennis court that had been repurposed for Mr. Biden’s speech.

Mr. Biden did grow more voluble when he recited lines from his campaign stump speeches, especially when they dealt with Mr. Trump. He noted that the former president suggested, during an interview that aired earlier on Monday, that he would consider “cutting” Social Security and Medicare spending.

“I’m never going to allow that to happen,” Mr. Biden said. “I won’t cut Social Security, I won’t cut Medicare.”

The relatively quiet atmosphere at the New Hampshire event made it possible to hear a Trump supporter outside the Y.M.C.A. shouting “Let’s Go Brandon,” a coded insult against Mr. Biden, over a loudspeaker. About a dozen pro-Trump demonstrators had assembled there, despite the New Hampshire cold.

They were joined by two people demonstrating against Israel’s war in Gaza, a reminder that Mr. Biden faces a protest movement over the Mideast conflict from some of his own supporters that is complicating his re-election bid.

“I think it gets to a very visceral feeling for all people who stutter,” said Ms. McManus, 35, a palliative care nurse practitioner in Providence, R.I., who said she was an unaffiliated former Democrat. “Most of us have been mocked in some way in our childhood. We’ve heard this before. And so watching a video, it hits that familiar humiliation feeling.”

John Moore, 53, a marketing consultant who leads a National Stuttering Association group for people who stutter in Greenville, S.C., said the clip had brought back memories of bullies who made fun of him. Heather Grossman, a speech pathologist who works with people who stutter, burst into tears thinking of her patients while she watched it.

The moment happened at Mr. Trump’s rally in Rome, Ga., when he was criticizing Mr. Biden’s State of the Union address. “Didn’t it bring us together?” Mr. Trump said. Then he turned to mocking Mr. Biden, mumbling unintelligibly and saying, “Bring the country t-t-t-t-together.”

Steven Cheung, a spokesman for Mr. Trump, said on Monday that “President Trump was clearly talking about Crooked Joe Biden’s declining mental state, which the world can see, and that he is unfit to be president any longer.”

Stuttering is unrelated to intelligence or comprehension: “I know exactly what it is I want to say, but it sometimes doesn’t come out as smooth,” said Mr. Moore, who described himself as an unaffiliated voter who leans libertarian.

It wasn’t the first time Mr. Trump has demeaned people with disabilities. During his presidential campaign in 2015, he mimicked a New York Times reporter, Serge Kovaleski, by jerking his arms around in an imitation of arthrogryposis, a condition that limits joint functioning. Facing backlash, he said he didn’t know who Mr. Kovaleski was or that he had a disability.

A Biden spokesman, T.J. Ducklo, brushed off the mockery, saying it “just reveals how weak and insecure” Mr. Trump is. Many adults who stutter, having endured years of cruel comments, have similarly thick skin, a resilience that Ms. McManus said was important to highlight.

But she and others who spoke to The New York Times on Monday said it still hurt to see those comments coming from someone as prominent and powerful as Mr. Trump — and especially to hear his audience laugh in response.

Caryn Herring, who is the executive director of Friends: The National Association of Young People Who Stutter and who stutters herself, said a big part of learning to live with a stutter was being able to “convince yourself that stuttering means more to you than to anyone else, and that it’s not going to be a big deal — people aren’t going to laugh, you’re still qualified for the job.”

Mockery from a former president will be interpreted as “evidence that this is a big deal and that this is something to be ashamed of and it means that you’re not qualified,” Ms. Herring said. “All those thoughts we know aren’t true, but when they’re said by a bully in such a way and then agreed upon by such a large audience, it can make someone feel really small and put them back so many steps in their journey to acceptance.”

Dr. Grossman, the speech pathologist, is also the executive director of the American Institute for Stuttering. She said the goal of therapy was not to eliminate a stutter but to enable patients to communicate effectively, and to accept and move through stuttering when it happens. Mockery like Mr. Trump’s, she said, could undermine that by reinforcing a sense that “I can’t stutter openly or the world is going to reject me.”

Advocates have long worried about rhetoric that stigmatizes disabilities and falsely implies that particular disabilities are incompatible with demanding jobs. Maria Town, the president and chief executive of the American Association of People with Disabilities, sent a letter to both of the national parties this year, asking them to “condemn such language in campaigns and to call on the candidates of your party to do better.”

Rebecca Cokley, a program officer for the U.S. disability rights portfolio at the Ford Foundation, said she had seen people in both parties “weaponize” disability or the appearance of one.

During the last presidential campaign, for example, some commentators mocked Mr. Trump for walking slowly down a ramp and using both hands to drink a glass of water.

“It might be something said in a moment, but the long-term impact on our community is real,” Ms. Cokley said. “By mocking people’s disabilities, we create a society in which it’s not safe for people with disabilities to self-identify.”

In an interview that aired Monday on CNBC, Mr. Trump, when asked whether he had changed his stance on altering those programs in order to rein in the national debt, said that there was “a lot you can do in terms of entitlements in terms of cutting and in terms of also the theft and the bad management of entitlements, tremendous bad management of entitlements.”

But he also appeared to disagree with the premise of the question, which posited that something had to be done about the programs’ drag on the national debt.

“So I don’t necessarily agree with the statement,” Mr. Trump said.

Still, the White House was quick to respond.

“Cutting the Medicare and Social Security benefits that Americans have paid to earn their whole lives, only to make room for yet more unaffordable, trickle-down tax giveaways to the super wealthy, is exactly backwards,” Andrew Bates, a White House spokesman, said.

Mr. Trump’s campaign wasted no time in trying to clarify his remarks. In posts on X, campaign accounts insisted that Mr. Trump had been talking about “cutting waste,” and blasted Mr. Biden for past comments on Social Security, sharing a video in which Mr. Biden, as a senator in the 1990s, said he wanted to freeze federal spending, including on Social Security.

“President Trump delivered on his promise to protect Social Security and Medicare in his first term, and President Trump will continue to strongly protect Social Security and Medicare in his second term,” Karoline Leavitt, a spokeswoman for Mr. Trump’s campaign, said.

Mr. Biden continued to hammer his rival on the issue at an event in Goffstown, N.H., on Monday afternoon.

“Even this morning, Donald Trump said cuts to Social Security and Medicare are on the table,” he said. “I’m never going to allow that to happen. I won’t cut Social Security, I won’t cut Medicare.”

Mr. Trump has had to adjust his position on entitlement reforms in the past. In 2020, as president, he told an interviewer that he would “at some point” look at making cuts to entitlement programs, prompting Democrats to jump on the comments. The president quickly said: “Democrats are going to destroy your Social Security. I have totally left it alone, as promised, and will save it!”

In his time in office, Mr. Trump’s budget proposals tried to chip away at the social safety net by calling for cuts to Medicaid and other programs. He largely avoided proposing major slashes to Social Security’s retirement program or to Medicare, though he did call for some cuts that experts said would not have had a significant effect on benefits. (The changes were not passed by Congress.)

During the Republican primary, Mr. Trump attacked his opponents, Nikki Haley and Ron DeSantis, by suggesting that they would cut entitlement benefits.

Nicholas Nehamas contributed reporting.

Most of the new spending and tax increases included in the fiscal year 2025 budget again stand almost no chance of becoming law this year, given that Republicans control the House and roundly oppose Mr. Biden’s economic agenda. Last week, House Republicans passed a budget proposal outlining their priorities, which are far afield from what Democrats have called for.

Instead, the document will serve as a draft of Mr. Biden’s policy platform as he seeks re-election in November, along with a series of contrasts intended to draw a distinction with his presumptive Republican opponent, former President Donald J. Trump.

Mr. Biden has sought to reclaim strength on economic issues with voters who have given him low marks amid elevated inflation. This budget aims to portray him as a champion of increased government aid for workers, parents, manufacturers, retirees and students, as well as the fight against climate change.

Speaking in New Hampshire on Monday, Mr. Biden heralded the budget as a way to raise revenue to pay for his priorities by raising taxes on the wealthiest Americans and big corporations.

“I’m not anti-corporation,” he said. “I’m a capitalist, man. Make all the money you want. Just begin to pay your fair share in taxes.”

The budget proposes about $5 trillion in new taxes on corporations and the wealthy over a decade. Administration officials said Monday that those increases would be split equally between corporations and the nation’s highest earners, and that Americans earning less than $400,000 a year would enjoy tax cuts totaling $750 billion under their plans.

“We can do all of our investments by asking those in the top 1 and 2 percent to pay more into the system,” Shalanda Young, the director of the White House budget office, told reporters.

The president has already begun trying to portray Mr. Trump as the opposite: a supporter of further tax cuts for the well-off. “Do you really think the wealthy and big corporations need another $2 trillion tax break?” Mr. Biden asked in New Hampshire, referencing Mr. Trump — but not by name. “Because that’s what he wants to do.”

Speaker Mike Johnson and other members of House Republican leadership criticized Mr. Biden in a statement released Monday afternoon. “The price tag of President Biden’s proposed budget is yet another glaring reminder of this administration’s insatiable appetite for reckless spending and the Democrats’ disregard for fiscal responsibility,” they said.

Polls have found that Americans are dissatisfied with Mr. Biden’s handling of the economy and favor Mr. Trump’s approach to economic issues. But the president has been unwavering in his core economic policy strategy, and the budget shows that he is not deviating from that plan.

Mr. Biden’s budget proposes about $3 trillion in new measures to reduce the federal deficit over the next decade. That is in line with his budget proposal last year, which narrowed deficits by raising taxes on businesses and the rich and by allowing the government to bargain more aggressively with pharmaceutical companies to reduce spending on prescription drugs.

The budget again calls for raising the corporate tax rate to 28 percent from 21 percent, the level Mr. Trump set in the tax bill he signed in late 2017. It increases a new minimum tax on large corporations and quadruples a tax on stock buybacks, among other efforts to raise more revenue from companies and individuals who make more than $400,000 a year.

Those savings would build on discretionary spending limits that Mr. Biden and congressional Republicans agreed on last year to resolve a standoff over raising the nation’s borrowing limit. They still would leave the nation with historically high budget deficits: about $1.6 trillion a year on average over the next decade, by administration forecasts. As a share of the economy, deficits would decline in that time — but total government debt as a share of the economy would tick upward.

House Republicans released a budget last week that seeks to reduce deficits much faster — balancing the budget by the end of the decade. Their savings relied on economic growth forecasts that are well above mainstream forecasters’ expectations, along with steep and often unspecified spending cuts.

The nonpartisan Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget called the Republican plan “unrealistic in its assumptions and outcomes.” On Monday, the group called Mr. Biden’s proposed deficit reduction “a welcome start, but a too timid one.”

Mr. Biden and his aides have repeatedly said they believed the projected deficits in his budgets would not hurt the economy. Ms. Young and Jared Bernstein, who leads the White House Council of Economic Advisers, repeated that position on Monday, even after acknowledging that the budget now forecasts higher government borrowing costs over the next decade than previous budgets have.

Instead of turning toward more aggressive deficit reduction, as prior Democratic presidents have done after losing control of a chamber of Congress, Mr. Biden has leaned into the need for new spending programs and targeted tax incentives to bolster growth and the middle class.

The new proposal continues that trend. It would create a national program of paid leave for workers. It would reinstate an expanded child tax credit that Mr. Biden created temporarily in his $1.9 trillion economic stimulus law in 2021. That credit helped reduce child poverty significantly over the span of a year before expiring. That reinstatement would last for only a year, but administration officials said Monday that they hope to make it permanent as part of a broader debate on taxes in 2025.

The budget also includes new efforts to help Americans struggling with high costs. That issue has dogged Mr. Biden with voters since inflation soared on his watch to its highest levels in four decades, even as price increases have cooled over the past year. Mr. Biden previewed many of those efforts in his State of the Union speech last week, including new tax credits for certain home buyers and expanded assistance for people to buy health insurance through the Affordable Care Act.

Mr. Biden also called for new efforts to improve the solvency of Social Security and Medicare. In the budget, he opposed benefit cuts for the programs and any additional contributions from workers earning less than $400,000 a year.

On Monday, Ms. Young implied that Mr. Biden would look to shore up Social Security in part by targeting a cap on income subject to the payroll taxes that feed the program — a move he has specifically endorsed for Medicare. She said Mr. Biden would improve its solvency “by asking high-income Americans to pay their fair share. If you make a million dollars in this country, you are done paying your Social Security taxes sometime in February.”

In another key area, Mr. Biden’s proposal punts on key details: what to do about the provisions of the 2017 Republican tax law, including tax cuts for individuals, that expire in 2025. The budget calls that expiration, which was written into the law in order to hold down its estimated cost, “fiscally reckless.” But it does not specify how Mr. Biden would handle the expirations if he wins a second term.

Instead, the budget says Mr. Biden would seek to extend tax breaks for people earning less than $400,000 a year, offset with “additional reforms to ensure that wealthy people and big corporations pay their fair share.”

The Kansas City Star was first to report on the footage. A video of the event shows attendees hitting and kicking what appears to be a body opponent bag — a lifelike mannequin with a head and torso often used for self-defense training — with a mask resembling Mr. Biden’s face. The mannequin was dressed in a T-shirt that said “Let’s Go Brandon,” a phrase understood to be code for swearing at Mr. Biden. Attendees also appeared to hit karate breaking boards that had the same derogatory phrase.

That footage, originally posted on the online video platform Rumble, according to The Star, has been taken down, but clips have been shared by accounts like “Republicans against Trump” on X.

Maria Holiday, the chair of the Johnson County Republican Party, said that the event had featured an “interactive self-defense” exhibit, which is why the training bag was there.

“The Johnson County Republican Party’s successful series of events last weekend was tarnished by a brief incident where a mask depicting President Biden was added to an interactive self-defense display,” Ms. Holiday said in a statement. “The mask was regrettable and removed. No one collected or solicited any funds or donations in exchange for hitting the training device.”

She told The Star that the “booth was hosted by a karate school to promote their self-defense class.”

Michael Kuckelman, who served as chair of the Kansas Republican Party from 2019 to 2023, denounced the assault on the effigy in a Facebook post on Saturday. He didn’t attend the event, he said in a phone interview on Monday, but shared photos posted on social media that he was made aware of by “concerned Republicans” to express that “the overwhelming majority of Republicans in Kansas are as disgusted as I am.”

“I don’t agree with President Biden’s policies, but he is a fellow human being,” he wrote on Facebook, calling on Ms. Holiday and Mike Brown, the state Republican Party chair, to resign. “No one should condone or defend this horrific and shameful conduct.”

In a statement, Mr. Brown said that no one from the state party had attended the event, and that the state party had not given any input on the displays, which he said showed “poor judgment” on the part of the outside exhibitor. He said that a “disgruntled former member of the state party” — an apparent reference to Mr. Kuckelman — was trying to “capitalize” on the incident.

“It’s unfortunate the events took place, and even more so the former state party member created a false narrative in order to spew rhetoric and capitalize on continued attempts to divide the party,” he said. “The internal fighting and false narratives within the Republican Party risk 2024 election outcomes in Kansas and across America, and they must end.”

Mr. Kuckelman, a frequent critic of Mr. Brown, said that he was disappointed that the two party leaders did not immediately condemn the attendees’ actions. “People see the extremism on both sides, and it’s unacceptable on both sides,” he said, pointing to an incident in 2017 when the comedian Kathy Griffin posted a video of her holding what appeared to be the severed head of President Donald J. Trump.

Johnson County has a large population of moderate voters who have tended to back Democrats in recent cycles. During the 2018 midterms, voters in the area aided Democrats such as Gov. Laura Kelly of Kansas and Representative Sharice Davids, who flipped the Third Congressional District, which includes Overland Park, where the event took place. That formerly competitive seat is this year considered “likely Democrat” by the Cook Political Report.

Alex Floyd, a spokesman for the Democratic National Committee, called what happened at the fund-raiser a “gross stunt” that illustrated the contrast between the two parties going into the general election in November.

Ticket prices at the Friday fund-raiser ranged from $100 to $300, according to the invitation. Ted Nugent, the rock star and outspoken conservative who backs Mr. Trump, was a keynote speaker.

In his State of the Union address last week, Mr. Biden spoke of the need to “make clear that political violence has absolutely no place, no place, in America.” Echoing that sentiment, Democrats in the state were quick to denounce the incident.

“Regardless of political party, there is absolutely no excuse for encouraging or condoning violence of any kind — on a president, a political opponent, a neighbor or anyone,” Jeanna Repass, the chair of the Kansas Democratic Party, said in a statement.

Kitty Bennett contributed research.

The proposal on Monday includes $2.9 billion for the Department of Homeland Security to hire more than 2,000 border officials and more than 1,600 asylum officers. The proposal would also bolster investigations into cartel organizations and drug traffickers, while investing in technology at border ports.

Mr. Biden also proposed creating a $4.7 billion emergency fund that the Department of Homeland Security could tap into when there are spikes in illegal crossings.

Mr. Biden has been leaning into an enforcement-minded approach to the southern border as immigration has become one of the dominant issues in the 2024 election. He has endorsed a bipartisan senate bill that would implement sweeping restrictions at the border and make it harder for migrants to claim asylum.

The proposal to surge the hiring of border patrol agents will likely provide his White House another data point as they argue that the administration is focused on addressing the border crisis while Republicans have blocked legislative solutions. But Republicans are not likely to agree to this budget proposal either after claiming Mr. Biden’s $13.6 billion supplemental package did not go far enough to curb illegal crossings.

“The President’s budget continues to invest in the security of our borders, even as we continue to call on Congress to pass the February bipartisan border security legislation to provide urgently needed resources and tools to our frontline personnel,” Homeland Security secretary Alejandro Mayorkas said in a statement.

Mr. Biden’s budget also includes funding for the delayed and broken immigration court system. The backlog of the immigration courts surpassed 3 million cases late last year, meaning many migrants who cross the border will wait years before they receive a decision on their case. The budget includes $981 million for the court system, an increase of $121 million, which would hire 25 teams to support immigration judges. It also calls for a $1.3 billion investment from Mr. Biden’s emergency supplemental request to hire 375 new immigration judges.

Voters may have told pollsters that they didn’t want a 2020 rematch, but the ones who have shown up for primaries and caucuses voted for it, so here it is.

Fresh off a State of the Union address on Thursday that buoyed many Democrats’ spirits regarding his campaign, Mr. Biden is barnstorming several of the states that will decide the election in November, looking to make his case to voters. After visiting Pennsylvania on Friday and Georgia on Saturday, he will be in New Hampshire on Monday for an event about lowering costs for families, to be followed by speeches in Wisconsin on Wednesday and Michigan on Thursday.

Mr. Trump also held a rally on Saturday in Georgia, where he vilified migrants, repeated his lie that the 2020 election was stolen, called journalists “criminals” and mocked Mr. Biden’s stutter. He has not yet announced any public events for the coming week.

Several primaries are scheduled for Tuesday, albeit with no suspense. Georgia, Hawaii, Mississippi and Washington State will vote on the Republican side, and a strong performance that day could officially secure Mr. Trump a majority of delegates to the Republican National Convention. Mr. Biden could do the same on the Democratic side, with Georgia, Mississippi, Washington and the Northern Mariana Islands set to vote, and Democrats abroad will finish their weeklong process.

Republicans in the Northern Mariana Islands will cast ballots on Friday, followed by Republicans in Guam on Saturday.

Most of the states voting this week are solely holding presidential contests, with primaries for Congress, governorships and other down-ballot races scheduled for the spring or the summer. Mississippi is an exception: Senate and House primaries will be on the ballot there on Tuesday, too.

Here’s what else to know:

Senator Katie Britt of Alabama, who gave the Republican response to the State of the Union, sought in an interview on “Fox News Sunday” to defend a segment in which she falsely implied that the sex trafficking of a woman in Mexico between 2004 and 2008 had happened in the United States during Mr. Biden’s administration. She suggested that viewers should have parsed her words to understand that she wasn’t referring to a recent event.

Kari Lake, a Republican candidate for Senate in Arizona, is trying to mend fences after losing a close race for governor in 2022 — a race she never conceded and whose outcome she fought to overturn in court. She has reached out to a number of establishment Republicans to try to gain their support.

Drawing out his phone onstage, Kimmel decided to share what he called “a review.”

“Has there ever been a worse host than Jimmy Kimmel at the Oscars,” Kimmel said, reading part of Trump’s post, which included a disparaging nickname for the ABC host George Stephanopoulos.

“His opening was that of a less than average person trying too hard to be something which he is not, and never can be,” Kimmel continued. “Get rid of Kimmel and perhaps replace him with another washed up, but cheap, ABC ‘talent,’ George Slopanopoulos. He would make everybody on stage look bigger, stronger, and more glamorous.”

“Blah, blah, blah,” Kimmel said. “Make America great again.”

After asking the audience, “See if you can guess which former president just posted that?” Kimmel offered one final jab, expressing surprise that Trump had stayed up to watch the telecast.

“Isn’t it past your jail time?” he said.