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1. Introduction Heat waves have severe consequences for society and public health and are even referred to as “silent killers” ( Bhattacharya 2003 ). While they probably cause less property damage than do hurricanes or floods, they tend to cause more fatalities than other types of extreme weather events ( Hughes et al. 2016 ). For instance, the European heat wave in 2003 took more than 70 000 lives ( Robine et al. 2008 ). Deaths are typically caused by hyperthermia, dehydration
1. Introduction Heat waves have severe consequences for society and public health and are even referred to as “silent killers” ( Bhattacharya 2003 ). While they probably cause less property damage than do hurricanes or floods, they tend to cause more fatalities than other types of extreme weather events ( Hughes et al. 2016 ). For instance, the European heat wave in 2003 took more than 70 000 lives ( Robine et al. 2008 ). Deaths are typically caused by hyperthermia, dehydration
1. Introduction Heat waves are a type of extreme weather that frequently hits all corners of the world ( Lyon 2009 ; Cerne and Vera 2011 ; Cowan et al. 2014 ; Lu and Kueppers 2015 ; Rohini et al. 2016 ; Ward et al. 2016 ; Sun et al. 2018 ), threatening human survival, industrial and agricultural production, social and economic development, water resources, and the ecological environment ( Andersen et al. 2005 ; Tan et al. 2007 ; Pechan and Eisenack 2014 ; Brás et al. 2021
1. Introduction Heat waves are a type of extreme weather that frequently hits all corners of the world ( Lyon 2009 ; Cerne and Vera 2011 ; Cowan et al. 2014 ; Lu and Kueppers 2015 ; Rohini et al. 2016 ; Ward et al. 2016 ; Sun et al. 2018 ), threatening human survival, industrial and agricultural production, social and economic development, water resources, and the ecological environment ( Andersen et al. 2005 ; Tan et al. 2007 ; Pechan and Eisenack 2014 ; Brás et al. 2021
1. Introduction In the summer of 2018, several record-breaking heat wave (HW) events were experienced over northwestern Europe ( Drouard et al. 2019 ), northeast Asia ( Hsu et al. 2020 ), and the middle of the Yangtze River basin ( Lu et al. 2022 ), resulting in increased mortality and socioeconomic losses in relevant countries. The summer Eurasian HW events in 2018 were related to the propagations of atmospheric intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) along different latitudes and longitudes
1. Introduction In the summer of 2018, several record-breaking heat wave (HW) events were experienced over northwestern Europe ( Drouard et al. 2019 ), northeast Asia ( Hsu et al. 2020 ), and the middle of the Yangtze River basin ( Lu et al. 2022 ), resulting in increased mortality and socioeconomic losses in relevant countries. The summer Eurasian HW events in 2018 were related to the propagations of atmospheric intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) along different latitudes and longitudes
1. Introduction Over the past decades, summer heat-wave (HW) events have become more frequent, longer persistent, and more intense across most land regions by human-induced climate change ( IPCC 2021 ; Meehl and Tebaldi 2004 ; Barriopedro et al. 2011 ). HWs cause more mortality ( Berko et al. 2014 ) and economic losses ( Bador et al. 2017 ) than other natural disasters due to their large scale of influence and the inadequate preparation of populations to cope with them. In particular
1. Introduction Over the past decades, summer heat-wave (HW) events have become more frequent, longer persistent, and more intense across most land regions by human-induced climate change ( IPCC 2021 ; Meehl and Tebaldi 2004 ; Barriopedro et al. 2011 ). HWs cause more mortality ( Berko et al. 2014 ) and economic losses ( Bador et al. 2017 ) than other natural disasters due to their large scale of influence and the inadequate preparation of populations to cope with them. In particular
and the demand for reliable heat information is increasing. Indeed, recent observations show that the globe continues its warming trend as the year 2020 ranked as the second-hottest year on record for the planet behind 2016, according to NOAA, with the hottest years occurring during the last 5 years ( NOAA/NCEI 2020 ). Under this substantial warming of the climate, heat waves frequency and intensity have been increasing, especially in the Sahel ( Oueslati et al. 2017 ). Hence, there is increased
and the demand for reliable heat information is increasing. Indeed, recent observations show that the globe continues its warming trend as the year 2020 ranked as the second-hottest year on record for the planet behind 2016, according to NOAA, with the hottest years occurring during the last 5 years ( NOAA/NCEI 2020 ). Under this substantial warming of the climate, heat waves frequency and intensity have been increasing, especially in the Sahel ( Oueslati et al. 2017 ). Hence, there is increased
poleward moisture transport via a trans-Pacific atmospheric river, making landfall over southeastern Alaska with local daily precipitation amounts exceeding 50 mm (not shown). Mo et al. (2022) show that this atmospheric river transported moisture and sensible heat into the ridge. Diabatic heating within the developing associated cyclone excited downstream zonal wave activity flux, amplifying the Rossby wave train and strengthening the downstream ridge ( Neal et al. 2022 ). These features have been
poleward moisture transport via a trans-Pacific atmospheric river, making landfall over southeastern Alaska with local daily precipitation amounts exceeding 50 mm (not shown). Mo et al. (2022) show that this atmospheric river transported moisture and sensible heat into the ridge. Diabatic heating within the developing associated cyclone excited downstream zonal wave activity flux, amplifying the Rossby wave train and strengthening the downstream ridge ( Neal et al. 2022 ). These features have been
1. Introduction Heat waves are one of the most dangerous climate extremes and serve as a main contributor to weather-related morbidity and mortality ( IPCC 2021 ; Buzan and Huber 2020 ; Ebi et al. 2021 ; Costello et al. 2023 ). Heat stress has been tied to a large number of negative social issues, including increased crime, sociopolitical conflict, and decreased labor productivity, among others ( Buzan and Huber 2020 ; Kjellstrom et al. 2009 ; Horton et al. 2016 ). The presence of
1. Introduction Heat waves are one of the most dangerous climate extremes and serve as a main contributor to weather-related morbidity and mortality ( IPCC 2021 ; Buzan and Huber 2020 ; Ebi et al. 2021 ; Costello et al. 2023 ). Heat stress has been tied to a large number of negative social issues, including increased crime, sociopolitical conflict, and decreased labor productivity, among others ( Buzan and Huber 2020 ; Kjellstrom et al. 2009 ; Horton et al. 2016 ). The presence of
frequency, severity, and temporal variability of extreme weather events, such as heat waves, droughts, and floods are a direct expression of these changes in climatic patterns ( Ebi et al. 2021 ; van der Wiel and Bintanja 2021 ). These events can have devastating effects on communities, causing destruction to property, major economic losses ( United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction 2020 ; Pörtner et al. 2023 ; Clarke et al. 2022 ), and negative impacts on public health ( McMichael et
frequency, severity, and temporal variability of extreme weather events, such as heat waves, droughts, and floods are a direct expression of these changes in climatic patterns ( Ebi et al. 2021 ; van der Wiel and Bintanja 2021 ). These events can have devastating effects on communities, causing destruction to property, major economic losses ( United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction 2020 ; Pörtner et al. 2023 ; Clarke et al. 2022 ), and negative impacts on public health ( McMichael et
1. Introduction It is well established that extreme heat poses a serious health risk, causing many excess deaths each year ( Field et al. 2012 ; Smith et al. 2014 ). Heat waves were responsible for 4 of the 10 deadliest natural disasters in 2015, with South Asian heat waves ranking third and fourth by mortality ( UNISDR et al. 2015 ). However, heat-related deaths are largely preventable. Heat early warning systems (HEWSs; McGregor et al. 2015 ) are already in place in many cities in developed
1. Introduction It is well established that extreme heat poses a serious health risk, causing many excess deaths each year ( Field et al. 2012 ; Smith et al. 2014 ). Heat waves were responsible for 4 of the 10 deadliest natural disasters in 2015, with South Asian heat waves ranking third and fourth by mortality ( UNISDR et al. 2015 ). However, heat-related deaths are largely preventable. Heat early warning systems (HEWSs; McGregor et al. 2015 ) are already in place in many cities in developed
Oldenborgh et al. 2018 ). More recently, an unusual heat wave hit northeastern Asia in 2018, leaving 24 000 patients hospitalized and 90 deaths ( Chen et al. 2019 ). Hence, improved understanding of SEHD formation in the AMR is crucial for better prediction and adaptation. Weather and climate in the AMR are predominantly influenced by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) that represents the largest interannual variations in our climate system (e.g., Walker 1924 ; Bjerkness 1969 ; Webster et al. 1998
Oldenborgh et al. 2018 ). More recently, an unusual heat wave hit northeastern Asia in 2018, leaving 24 000 patients hospitalized and 90 deaths ( Chen et al. 2019 ). Hence, improved understanding of SEHD formation in the AMR is crucial for better prediction and adaptation. Weather and climate in the AMR are predominantly influenced by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) that represents the largest interannual variations in our climate system (e.g., Walker 1924 ; Bjerkness 1969 ; Webster et al. 1998
