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1. Introduction The heat wave is an extreme heat event. The heat wave in 2003 in Europe caused approximately 35 000 deaths ( Larsen 2003 ), and in Russia a heat wave in 2010 claimed approximately 55 000 lives ( Barriopedro et al. 2011 ). In East Asia, a record-breaking heat wave and drought occurred, with total deaths of more than 3000 in the Korean Peninsula in 1994 ( Kysely and Kim 2009 ). China also experienced fatal heat-wave events in 1998 ( Tan et al. 2007 ), 2003 ( Huang et al
1. Introduction The heat wave is an extreme heat event. The heat wave in 2003 in Europe caused approximately 35 000 deaths ( Larsen 2003 ), and in Russia a heat wave in 2010 claimed approximately 55 000 lives ( Barriopedro et al. 2011 ). In East Asia, a record-breaking heat wave and drought occurred, with total deaths of more than 3000 in the Korean Peninsula in 1994 ( Kysely and Kim 2009 ). China also experienced fatal heat-wave events in 1998 ( Tan et al. 2007 ), 2003 ( Huang et al
1. Introduction Heat waves occurred over much of southern and eastern Australia during the summer and winter seasons of 2009. The summer heat wave (27 January–8 February) was notable for both its intensity and duration, consisting of two major episodes of exceptionally high temperatures, from 27 to 31 January (27 January shown in Fig. 1a ) and 6 to 8 February (7 February shown in Fig. 1b ), that primarily affected northern and eastern Tasmania, most of Victoria and adjacent border areas of
1. Introduction Heat waves occurred over much of southern and eastern Australia during the summer and winter seasons of 2009. The summer heat wave (27 January–8 February) was notable for both its intensity and duration, consisting of two major episodes of exceptionally high temperatures, from 27 to 31 January (27 January shown in Fig. 1a ) and 6 to 8 February (7 February shown in Fig. 1b ), that primarily affected northern and eastern Tasmania, most of Victoria and adjacent border areas of
1. Introduction Surface waves can regulate climate by modifying the exchange of heat and momentum between the atmosphere and ocean (see Cavaleri et al. 2012 ; D’Asaro 2014 ; D’Asaro et al. 2014 ). Thermodynamically, the waves can influence climate by altering the characteristics of the air–sea interface, particularly through the generation of bubbles and sea spray during wave breaking ( Babanin 2011 ). Mechanically, the waves can modify vertical mixing processes in
1. Introduction Surface waves can regulate climate by modifying the exchange of heat and momentum between the atmosphere and ocean (see Cavaleri et al. 2012 ; D’Asaro 2014 ; D’Asaro et al. 2014 ). Thermodynamically, the waves can influence climate by altering the characteristics of the air–sea interface, particularly through the generation of bubbles and sea spray during wave breaking ( Babanin 2011 ). Mechanically, the waves can modify vertical mixing processes in
assessed historical and projected climate extremes in the United States simulated in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project models (Wuebbles et al. 2013, manuscript submitted to Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. ). While our workshop, the second workshop, focused on the large-scale phenomena of heat waves, cold waves, floods, and drought and served as the basis for this paper, it also allowed the experts to discuss what information is required and what additional analyses we should preform so
assessed historical and projected climate extremes in the United States simulated in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project models (Wuebbles et al. 2013, manuscript submitted to Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. ). While our workshop, the second workshop, focused on the large-scale phenomena of heat waves, cold waves, floods, and drought and served as the basis for this paper, it also allowed the experts to discuss what information is required and what additional analyses we should preform so
1. Introduction The analysis and prediction of temperature extremes and their persistence are quite important as they affect a wide range of human activities. It has been documented that intense heat waves over subtropical South America produce dangerous levels of thermal stress in the population ( Campetella and Rusticucci 1998 ; Alessandro and de Garín 2003 ). Nevertheless, the nature and mechanisms associated with the occurrence of heat waves over this particular region
1. Introduction The analysis and prediction of temperature extremes and their persistence are quite important as they affect a wide range of human activities. It has been documented that intense heat waves over subtropical South America produce dangerous levels of thermal stress in the population ( Campetella and Rusticucci 1998 ; Alessandro and de Garín 2003 ). Nevertheless, the nature and mechanisms associated with the occurrence of heat waves over this particular region
JULY 1987 N. WOLFSON, R. ATLAS AND Y. C. SUD 1345Numerical Experiments Related to the Summer 1980 U.S. Heat Wave N. WOLFSON,* R. ATLAS AND Y. C. SUDLaboratory fo~ Atmospheres, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771(Manuscript received 29 January 1986, in final form 24 March 1986) ABSTRACT A series of numerical forecast experiments has been conducted
JULY 1987 N. WOLFSON, R. ATLAS AND Y. C. SUD 1345Numerical Experiments Related to the Summer 1980 U.S. Heat Wave N. WOLFSON,* R. ATLAS AND Y. C. SUDLaboratory fo~ Atmospheres, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771(Manuscript received 29 January 1986, in final form 24 March 1986) ABSTRACT A series of numerical forecast experiments has been conducted
1. Introduction A recent number of major heat wave and drought events in Europe, the United States, and Russia have triggered considerable research aimed at understanding the underlying mechanisms, trends, socioeconomic effects, predictability, and future projections (e.g., Zaitchik et al. 2006 ; Ciais et al. 2005 ; Fischer et al. 2007 ; Dole et al. 2011 ; Sheffield et al. 2012 ). A relationship between temperature extremes and land surface conditions is explored in various studies
1. Introduction A recent number of major heat wave and drought events in Europe, the United States, and Russia have triggered considerable research aimed at understanding the underlying mechanisms, trends, socioeconomic effects, predictability, and future projections (e.g., Zaitchik et al. 2006 ; Ciais et al. 2005 ; Fischer et al. 2007 ; Dole et al. 2011 ; Sheffield et al. 2012 ). A relationship between temperature extremes and land surface conditions is explored in various studies
occurrence of these two climate extremes is of consequence in any region of the globe although research has largely focused on the two phenomena in isolation. In this paper, the occurrence of seasonal drought and heat waves is examined for the subcontinent of southern Africa (land areas south of 15°S). Observational characteristics of their behavior are first considered for the period 1961–2000 and then compared with related behavior in coupled models from the World Climate Research Programme’s (WCRP
occurrence of these two climate extremes is of consequence in any region of the globe although research has largely focused on the two phenomena in isolation. In this paper, the occurrence of seasonal drought and heat waves is examined for the subcontinent of southern Africa (land areas south of 15°S). Observational characteristics of their behavior are first considered for the period 1961–2000 and then compared with related behavior in coupled models from the World Climate Research Programme’s (WCRP
variability simulated by their model does not compare very well with observations. In this study, we estimate meridional heat transport and heat advection caused by mixed Rossby gravity waves in the Indian Ocean using in situ observations and an ocean general circulation model (OGCM) output. We also discuss associated dynamics, conducting an idealized experiment with a linear continuously stratified model. Based on the consensus that mixed Rossby gravity waves dominate, we can guess their contributions to
variability simulated by their model does not compare very well with observations. In this study, we estimate meridional heat transport and heat advection caused by mixed Rossby gravity waves in the Indian Ocean using in situ observations and an ocean general circulation model (OGCM) output. We also discuss associated dynamics, conducting an idealized experiment with a linear continuously stratified model. Based on the consensus that mixed Rossby gravity waves dominate, we can guess their contributions to
1. Introduction A range of studies have shown that climate change increases the intensity, duration, and frequency of extreme weather events such as heat waves (e.g., Dosio et al. 2018 ). There is a need to study how people respond to heat-related health risks and which coping mechanisms they develop, in addition to exploring adequate policy interventions. German policy responses to tackle heat risks still heavily rely on spatial planning approaches that focus on creating green and blue
1. Introduction A range of studies have shown that climate change increases the intensity, duration, and frequency of extreme weather events such as heat waves (e.g., Dosio et al. 2018 ). There is a need to study how people respond to heat-related health risks and which coping mechanisms they develop, in addition to exploring adequate policy interventions. German policy responses to tackle heat risks still heavily rely on spatial planning approaches that focus on creating green and blue
