The role of vitamin D for cardiovascular disease and overall mortality
- PMID: 25207362
- DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0437-2_6
The role of vitamin D for cardiovascular disease and overall mortality
Abstract
In recent years, it became increasingly clear that vitamin D exerts important pleiotropic effects, besides its well-known effects on extracellular calcium homeostasis and on bone metabolism. This article gives a comprehensive overview of studies on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality with a focus on the most recent data. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) is the best indicator of vitamin D status. Low 25(OH)D levels are highly prevalent among general populations. Prospective cohort studies support the assumption that poor vitamin D status, e.g., 25(OH) D levels below 30 nmol/l, is independently associated with CVD mortality risk. However, support from randomized controlled trials for a beneficial vitamin D effect on CVD risk is still lacking. Meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies indicate beneficial vitamin D effects on overall mortality as well. There is also likely evidence from meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials that vitamin D may improve overall mortality in elderly people. Therefore, it is reasonable to supplement institutionalized individuals and other people with deficient 25(OH)D levels with daily vitamin D amounts of 20 microg. However, it is also noteworthy that prospective cohort studies provide evidence for an inverse J-shaped association between vitamin D status and overall mortality, indicating increased overall mortality risk not only at deficient 25(OH)D levels but also at 25(OH)D levels above 125 nmol/l. Although there is evidence that high 25(OH)D levels sometimes reflect low availability of the vitamin D hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, future studies are still needed to clarify the association of high 25(OH)D levels with high mortality rates more detailed.
Similar articles
-
Vitamin D Status, Supplementation and Cardiovascular Disease.Anticancer Res. 2018 Feb;38(2):1179-1186. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.12338. Anticancer Res. 2018. PMID: 29374756 Review.
-
Vitamin D Supplementation Trials Aimed at Reducing Mortality Have Much Higher Power When Focusing on People with Low Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations.J Nutr. 2017 Jul;147(7):1325-1333. doi: 10.3945/jn.117.250191. Epub 2017 May 24. J Nutr. 2017. PMID: 28539415
-
The inverse association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and mortality may be modified by vitamin A status and use of vitamin A supplements.Eur J Nutr. 2016 Feb;55(1):393-402. doi: 10.1007/s00394-015-0860-y. Epub 2015 Feb 21. Eur J Nutr. 2016. PMID: 25701092
-
Vitamin D deficiency and mortality.Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2009 Nov;12(6):634-9. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283310767. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2009. PMID: 19710612 Review.
-
Prospective study of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, cardiovascular disease mortality, and all-cause mortality in older U.S. adults.J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009 Sep;57(9):1595-603. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02359.x. Epub 2009 Jun 22. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009. PMID: 19549021
Cited by
-
Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for vitamin D, including the derivation of a conversion factor for calcidiol monohydrate.EFSA J. 2023 Aug 8;21(8):e08145. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8145. eCollection 2023 Aug. EFSA J. 2023. PMID: 37560437 Free PMC article.
-
The effects of vitamin D on all-cause mortality in different diseases: an evidence-map and umbrella review of 116 randomized controlled trials.Front Nutr. 2023 Jun 22;10:1132528. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1132528. eCollection 2023. Front Nutr. 2023. PMID: 37426183 Free PMC article.
-
The Role of Vitamin D in COVID-19 and the Impact of Pandemic Restrictions on Vitamin D Blood Content.Front Pharmacol. 2022 Feb 21;13:836738. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.836738. eCollection 2022. Front Pharmacol. 2022. PMID: 35264968 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Vitamin D and Lipid Profiles in Postmenopausal Women: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Front Mol Biosci. 2021 Dec 17;8:799934. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.799934. eCollection 2021. Front Mol Biosci. 2021. PMID: 34977158 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Vitamin D status in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in a specialized diabetes care centre in Bangladesh.Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2022 Jan;5(1):e00312. doi: 10.1002/edm2.312. Epub 2021 Nov 12. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2022. PMID: 34766458 Free PMC article.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical