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. 2024 Apr 17;13(4):369.
doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13040369.

Antimicrobial, Probiotic, and Immunomodulatory Potential of Cannabis sativa Extract and Delivery Systems

Anna Stasiłowicz-Krzemień  1 , Daria Szymanowska  1   2 , Piotr Szulc  3 , Judyta Cielecka-Piontek  1   4
Affiliations

Antimicrobial, Probiotic, and Immunomodulatory Potential of Cannabis sativa Extract and Delivery Systems

Anna Stasiłowicz-Krzemień et al. Antibiotics (Basel). .

Abstract

The compounds present in hemp show multidirectional biological activity. It is related to the presence of secondary metabolites, mainly cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids, and the synergy of their biological activity. The aim of this study was to assess the activity of the Henola Cannabis sativae extract and its combinations with selected carriers (polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer, magnesium aluminometasilicate, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin) in terms of antimicrobial, probiotic, and immunobiological effects. As a result of the conducted research, the antimicrobial activity of the extract was confirmed in relation to the following microorganisms: Clostridium difficile, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pyrogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aereuginosa, and Candida albicans (microorganism count was reduced from ~102 CFU mL-1 to <10 CFU mL-1 in most cases). Additionally, for the system with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, a significant probiotic potential against bacterial strains was established for strains Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Streptococcus thermophilus (microorganism count was increased from ~102 to 104-107). In terms of immunomodulatory properties, it was determined that the tested extract and the systems caused changes in IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels.

Keywords: Cannabis sativa; antibacterial; cannabidiol; immunomodulatory; immunostimulatory; probiotic.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
IL-6 levels after 18-hour stimulation of Caco-2 cells with PBS, HiE-Neu, HiE-HP-β-CD, and HiE-Sol. Different letters (a–c) within the bars indicate statistical difference (p < 0.05).
Figure 2
Figure 2
TNF-α level after 18 h stimulation of Caco-2 cells with systems, where 1. PBS, 2. HiE-Neu, 3. HiE-HP-β-CD, 4. HiE-Sol. Different letters (a–c) within the bars indicate statistical difference (p < 0.05).
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) IL-8 level after stimulation of Caco-2 cells with system HiE-Neu at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. (B) IL-8 level after stimulation of Caco-2 cells with system HiE-HP-β-CD at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. (C) IL-8 level after stimulation of Caco-2 cells with system HiE-Sol at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. Different letters (a–c) within the bars indicate statistical difference (p < 0.05).
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