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. 2023 May 25:17:1138561.
doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1138561. eCollection 2023.

Aberrant structural and functional alterations in postpartum depression: a combined voxel-based morphometry and resting-state functional connectivity study

Chunlian Chen  1 , Bo Li  2 , Shufen Zhang  3 , Zhe Liu  2 , Yu Wang  2 , Minghe Xu  2 , Yuqing Ji  2 , Shuang Wang  2 , Gang Sun  2 , Kai Liu  2
Affiliations

Aberrant structural and functional alterations in postpartum depression: a combined voxel-based morphometry and resting-state functional connectivity study

Chunlian Chen et al. Front Neurosci. .

Abstract

Objectives: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a severe postpartum psychiatric disorder with unclear pathogenesis. Previous neuroimaging studies have reported structural or functional alterations in areas associated with emotion regulation, cognitive disorder, and parenting behaviors of PPD. The primary goal of this investigation was to explore the presence of brain structural alterations and relevant functional changes in PPD patients.

Methods: A total of 28 patients and 30 matched healthy postnatal women (HPW) underwent both three-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting-state functional MRI. Structural analysis was performed by voxel-based morphometry (VBM), followed by resting-state functional analysis using a seed-based whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) approach with abnormal gray matter volume (GMV) regions as seed.

Results: Compared with HPW, the PPD patients showed increased GMV in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC.L), the right precentral gyrus (PrCG.R), and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). In the PPD group, the DLPFC.L showed increased FC with the right anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri (ACG.R) and the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG.R); the FC between the PrCG.R and the right median cingulate and paracingulate gyri (DCG.R) exhibited enhanced; the OFC showed increased FC with MFG.R and the left inferior occipital gyrus (IOG.L). In PPD, GMV of DLPFC.L was positively correlated with EDPS scores (r = 0.409 p = 0.031), and FC of PrCG.R-DCG.R was positively correlated with EDPS scores (r = 0.483 p = 0.020).

Conclusion: Structural and functional damage of the DLPFC.L and OFC is associated with cognitive disorders and parenting behaviors in PPD, while structural abnormalities of the DLPFC.L and PrCG.R are involved in impaired executive function. The increased GMV of DLPFC.L may be a unique structural pathological mechanism of PPD related to the inability of PPD patients to withstand long-term parenting stress. These findings have important implications for understanding neural mechanisms in PPD.

Keywords: Resting-State fMRI; functional connectivity; postpartum depression; structural MRI; voxel-based morphometry.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The red region indicated larger GMV in postpartum depression patients (PPD) than in the healthy postnatal women (HPW). GMV, gray matter volume; DLPFC.L, the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex;PrCG.R, the right precentral gyrus; OFC, the orbitofrontal cortex.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The red region indicated increased FC in postpartum depression patients (PPD) compared with the healthy postnatal women (HPW). ACG.R, the right anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri; MFG.R, the right middle frontal gyrus; DCG.R: the right median cingulate and paracingulate gyri; IOG.L, the left inferior occipital gyrus. Figure C, functional connectivity. FB, FC between the DLPFC.L and ACG.R, MFG.R.
Figure 3
Figure 3
FC between the PrCG, R and DCG.R.
Figure 4
Figure 4
FC between the OFC and MFG.R, IOG.L.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Correlation between GMVDLPFC.L and EPDS scores (r = 0.409, p = 0.031).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Correlation between FCPrCG.R−DCG.R and EPDS scores (r = 0.438, p = 0.020).
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Grants and funding

This study was supported by Shandong Province Science and Technology Development Plan Project (202109041050; 202105020733), Jinan Clinical Medical Science and Technology Innovation Plan (202019112; 202019022), and Tibet Province Shigatse City Science and Technology Project (RKZ2020KJ06).

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