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Review
. 2023 Mar;65(3):299-309.
doi: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_700_21. Epub 2023 Mar 3.

Epidemic of Depression and Anxiety in child and adolescent population during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta analysis of the prevalence of depression and anxiety

Gaurav Maggu  1 , Vinod Verma  2 , Suprakash Chaudhury  3 , Vishal Indla  4
Affiliations
Review

Epidemic of Depression and Anxiety in child and adolescent population during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta analysis of the prevalence of depression and anxiety

Gaurav Maggu et al. Indian J Psychiatry. 2023 Mar.

Abstract

COVID-19 has caused mayhem in the life of people. It has disrupted the social fabric of life. The children and adolescent population has been particularly affected by its direct and indirect effects. This systematic review aims to find the prevalence of depression and anxiety in children and adolescent age groups. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for finding the prevalence of depression and anxiety. We found the total number of participants to be 71,016. A random effect model was used for conducting meta-analysis. The prevalence of depression was mentioned in 17 studies of 23 and the pooled prevalence was 27% [95% confidence interval: 21%-36%] and heterogeneity (I2 statistics; P <.00001) was 100%. The prevalence of anxiety was found in 20 studies of 23 and the pooled anxiety prevalence was 25% (95% confidence interval: 16%-41%) and heterogeneity (I2 statistics; P < .00001) was found to be 100%. The summary of the findings has been provided. Due to high heterogeneity, moderator analysis was performed separately for depression and anxiety subgroups. The study design consisted of cross-sectional studies and some studies conducted through online surveys. The age range varied considerably from 1 year to 19 years; 5 studies had participants aged more than 19 years, but the mean age of the total sample was less than 18 years. We conclude that indeed there is a mental health epidemic among the child and adolescent population. We recommend early intervention and tailored made strategies should for management. As the pandemic is enduring, rigorous monitoring should be done. This age group is under extra pressure owing to a large uncertainty about their studies as well their future.

Keywords: COVID-19; Child and adolescent age group; depression and anxiety; mental health; pandemic.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Search process
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Pooled Prevalence of Depression. (b) Funnel Plot for the pooled prevalence of Depression
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) Pooled Prevalence of Anxiety. (b) Funnel Plot for the pooled prevalence of Anxiety
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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