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1. Introduction Forecasts of extreme weather events are important for having more time to prepare and mitigate their adverse impacts such as heat wave, droughts, heavy rain, and floods. Policy makers need accurate and timely prediction information of these high-impact events to reduce socioeconomic risks and to effectively respond in advance. In particular heat waves are expected to become more frequent, intense, and persistent across the globe in the future under the warming atmosphere ( Meehl
1. Introduction Forecasts of extreme weather events are important for having more time to prepare and mitigate their adverse impacts such as heat wave, droughts, heavy rain, and floods. Policy makers need accurate and timely prediction information of these high-impact events to reduce socioeconomic risks and to effectively respond in advance. In particular heat waves are expected to become more frequent, intense, and persistent across the globe in the future under the warming atmosphere ( Meehl
1. Introduction Heat waves occurred over much of southern and eastern Australia during the summer and winter seasons of 2009. The summer heat wave (27 January–8 February) was notable for both its intensity and duration, consisting of two major episodes of exceptionally high temperatures, from 27 to 31 January (27 January shown in Fig. 1a ) and 6 to 8 February (7 February shown in Fig. 1b ), that primarily affected northern and eastern Tasmania, most of Victoria and adjacent border areas of
1. Introduction Heat waves occurred over much of southern and eastern Australia during the summer and winter seasons of 2009. The summer heat wave (27 January–8 February) was notable for both its intensity and duration, consisting of two major episodes of exceptionally high temperatures, from 27 to 31 January (27 January shown in Fig. 1a ) and 6 to 8 February (7 February shown in Fig. 1b ), that primarily affected northern and eastern Tasmania, most of Victoria and adjacent border areas of
1. Introduction During the last week of June 2021, an extreme heat wave affected western North America, including Washington and Oregon as well as the Canadian provinces of British Columbia and Alberta. Many locations in the region experienced all-time-record highs, such as Portland, Oregon (46.7°C, 116°F); Seattle, Washington (42.2°C, 108°F); Quillayute, Washington (43.3°C, 110°F); and Lytton, British Columbia, Canada (49.6°C, 121.3°F), the latter representing British Columbia’s and
1. Introduction During the last week of June 2021, an extreme heat wave affected western North America, including Washington and Oregon as well as the Canadian provinces of British Columbia and Alberta. Many locations in the region experienced all-time-record highs, such as Portland, Oregon (46.7°C, 116°F); Seattle, Washington (42.2°C, 108°F); Quillayute, Washington (43.3°C, 110°F); and Lytton, British Columbia, Canada (49.6°C, 121.3°F), the latter representing British Columbia’s and
one for which the forecast skill of the ECMWF-IFS forecasts drops below zero first, namely, at around forecast day 3 ( Haiden et al. 2015 ). Thus, the quality of summertime 3-day Tmax forecasts will in our opinion benefit the most from improvements in prediction of convection and cloudiness. Acknowledgments. This research has been supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Grant SFB/TRR 165, “Waves to Weather”) and conducted within the subproject C4: “Predictability of European heat
one for which the forecast skill of the ECMWF-IFS forecasts drops below zero first, namely, at around forecast day 3 ( Haiden et al. 2015 ). Thus, the quality of summertime 3-day Tmax forecasts will in our opinion benefit the most from improvements in prediction of convection and cloudiness. Acknowledgments. This research has been supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Grant SFB/TRR 165, “Waves to Weather”) and conducted within the subproject C4: “Predictability of European heat
DECEMBER 1987 WINSTON HAO AND LANCE F. BOSART 269A Moisture Budget Analysis of the Protracted Heat Wave in the Southern Plains during the Summer of 1980 WINSTON HAO AND LANCE F. BOSARTDepartment of Atmospheric Science, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222(Manuscript received 14 April 1987, in final form 26 June 1987) ABSTRACT
DECEMBER 1987 WINSTON HAO AND LANCE F. BOSART 269A Moisture Budget Analysis of the Protracted Heat Wave in the Southern Plains during the Summer of 1980 WINSTON HAO AND LANCE F. BOSARTDepartment of Atmospheric Science, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222(Manuscript received 14 April 1987, in final form 26 June 1987) ABSTRACT
that may be considered extraordinary. The extraordinary weather events studied here include the hardest freezes (which combine lower temperatures with duration below freezing) that can damage agricultural and ornamental plants as well as public utilities (e.g., freezing pipes). Other extraordinary weather events studied here are the hottest heat waves, the longest-duration fog, and the heaviest prolonged rain. While our focus is on the southern Sacramento Valley, most of these extraordinary events
that may be considered extraordinary. The extraordinary weather events studied here include the hardest freezes (which combine lower temperatures with duration below freezing) that can damage agricultural and ornamental plants as well as public utilities (e.g., freezing pipes). Other extraordinary weather events studied here are the hottest heat waves, the longest-duration fog, and the heaviest prolonged rain. While our focus is on the southern Sacramento Valley, most of these extraordinary events
environmental parameters at relatively fine temporal and spatial scales ( National Research Council 2012 ). Recent studies have shown that high-resolution simulations can be more accurate in simulating mesoscale features and localized variability ( Loughner et al. 2011 ; Cohan et al. 2006 ; Jimenez et al. 2006 ). The work reported here aims to map at fine resolution the pattern of extreme urban temperatures during two recent heat waves in the New York City (NYC), New York, metropolitan region. New York
environmental parameters at relatively fine temporal and spatial scales ( National Research Council 2012 ). Recent studies have shown that high-resolution simulations can be more accurate in simulating mesoscale features and localized variability ( Loughner et al. 2011 ; Cohan et al. 2006 ; Jimenez et al. 2006 ). The work reported here aims to map at fine resolution the pattern of extreme urban temperatures during two recent heat waves in the New York City (NYC), New York, metropolitan region. New York
. Note that we shorten WAVEWATCH III to WW3 and the COARE-derived ( Taylor and Yelland 2001 ) to CTY in our experiment descriptors and figures. Figure 1 shows the fields that are exchanged in the coupled model configurations. In the WRF-ROMS-WW3 case, SST was exchanged from ROMS to WRF to calculate surface heat fluxes, which were then exchanged back to ROMS to modify ocean temperature. In addition, WRF provided surface stress ( τ ) to ROMS, modulated by surface wave roughness calculated using
. Note that we shorten WAVEWATCH III to WW3 and the COARE-derived ( Taylor and Yelland 2001 ) to CTY in our experiment descriptors and figures. Figure 1 shows the fields that are exchanged in the coupled model configurations. In the WRF-ROMS-WW3 case, SST was exchanged from ROMS to WRF to calculate surface heat fluxes, which were then exchanged back to ROMS to modify ocean temperature. In addition, WRF provided surface stress ( τ ) to ROMS, modulated by surface wave roughness calculated using
1. Introduction Heat waves are a regular feature of the Australian climate, with often severe impacts on a wide range of sectors, including health, agriculture, utilities, infrastructure, tourism, and commerce ( Nairn and Fawcett 2013 ). With a warming climate, the frequency and intensity of these heat waves is increasing ( Plummer et al. 1999 ; Collins et al. 2000 ; Griffiths et al. 2005 ; Alexander et al. 2007 ), and this trend is set to continue throughout the current century ( IPCC 2013
1. Introduction Heat waves are a regular feature of the Australian climate, with often severe impacts on a wide range of sectors, including health, agriculture, utilities, infrastructure, tourism, and commerce ( Nairn and Fawcett 2013 ). With a warming climate, the frequency and intensity of these heat waves is increasing ( Plummer et al. 1999 ; Collins et al. 2000 ; Griffiths et al. 2005 ; Alexander et al. 2007 ), and this trend is set to continue throughout the current century ( IPCC 2013
yet run operationally at FLENUMOCEANCEN,one-way interactions take place between the atmospheric models and many of the ocean models. Forexample, surface winds and heat fluxes from the globalatmospheric model drive ocean mixed-layer, sea-ice,and wave models. In some cases, oceanographic information is fed back to the atmospheric model (e.g.,SST from the ocean mixed-layer model), but this occurs only at the very beginning of the atmosphericmodel run, with the coupling made at the databaselevel
yet run operationally at FLENUMOCEANCEN,one-way interactions take place between the atmospheric models and many of the ocean models. Forexample, surface winds and heat fluxes from the globalatmospheric model drive ocean mixed-layer, sea-ice,and wave models. In some cases, oceanographic information is fed back to the atmospheric model (e.g.,SST from the ocean mixed-layer model), but this occurs only at the very beginning of the atmosphericmodel run, with the coupling made at the databaselevel
