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1. Introduction Because of the smaller heat capacity of soil compared to water, the amplitudes of the diurnal cycle of surface total available turbulent (latent and sensible) heat flux and skin temperature tend to be greater over land than ocean. This likely amplifies lower-atmospheric heat energy in the afternoon, which often increases buoyant force, as measured by convective available potential energy (CAPE; Pielke 2001 ). As a result, continental precipitation is most frequently observed
1. Introduction Because of the smaller heat capacity of soil compared to water, the amplitudes of the diurnal cycle of surface total available turbulent (latent and sensible) heat flux and skin temperature tend to be greater over land than ocean. This likely amplifies lower-atmospheric heat energy in the afternoon, which often increases buoyant force, as measured by convective available potential energy (CAPE; Pielke 2001 ). As a result, continental precipitation is most frequently observed
requirements. One of the better-known physically based precipitation retrieval techniques is the GPROF scheme, originally conceived by Kummerow and Giglio (1994) . The scheme was devised to provide not only an estimate of the surface precipitation, but also an estimate of latent heat release (among other parameters) from the vertical structure of the precipitation. In its purest form, the observed brightness temperatures (Tbs) are processed through inverse radiative transfer modeling to provide an
requirements. One of the better-known physically based precipitation retrieval techniques is the GPROF scheme, originally conceived by Kummerow and Giglio (1994) . The scheme was devised to provide not only an estimate of the surface precipitation, but also an estimate of latent heat release (among other parameters) from the vertical structure of the precipitation. In its purest form, the observed brightness temperatures (Tbs) are processed through inverse radiative transfer modeling to provide an
