Electronic symbol: Difference between revisions
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Michel Bakni (talk | contribs) m (GR) File renamed: File:IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (31).svg → File:IEEE 315-1975 (1993) 2.1.13.svg Criterion 4 |
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* Australian Standard AS 1102 (based on a slightly modified version of [[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]] 60617; withdrawn without replacement with a recommendation to use IEC 60617). |
* Australian Standard AS 1102 (based on a slightly modified version of [[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]] 60617; withdrawn without replacement with a recommendation to use IEC 60617). |
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The |
The standards do not all agree, and use of unusual (even if standardized) symbols can lead to confusion and errors.<ref name=Sobering>Sobering, Tim (April 2008). [https://www.k-state.edu/edl/docs/pubs/technical-resources/Technote8.pdf ''Guidelines for Drawing Schematics''].</ref> |
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Symbols usage is sometimes |
Symbols usage is sometimes idiosyncratic to engineering disciplines, and national or local variations to international standards exist. For example, lighting and power symbols used as part of architectural drawings may be different from symbols for devices used in electronics. |
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==Common electronic symbols== |
==Common electronic symbols== |
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The shorthand for ground is GND. Optionally, the triangle in the middle symbol may be filled in. |
The shorthand for ground is GND. Optionally, the triangle in the middle symbol may be filled in. |
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<gallery> |
<gallery> |
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File:IEEE 315 Transmission Path Symbols (75).svg | General [[ground (electricity)|ground]] |
File:IEEE 315 Transmission Path Symbols (75).svg | General [[ground (electricity)|ground]] ([[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]]{{nbh}}style) |
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File:IEEE 315 Transmission Path Symbols (80).svg | Signal/low-noise ground (the asterisk is not part of the symbol) |
File:IEEE 315 Transmission Path Symbols (80).svg | Signal/low-noise ground (the asterisk is not part of the symbol) |
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File:IEEE 315 Transmission Path Symbols (78).svg | Chassis ground |
File:IEEE 315 Transmission Path Symbols (78).svg | Chassis ground (IEC{{nbh}}style) |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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File:IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (90).svg | [[Electric battery|Battery]], single-cell |
File:IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (90).svg | [[Electric battery|Battery]], single-cell |
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File:IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (92).svg | Battery, multi-cell |
File:IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (92).svg | Battery, multi-cell |
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File:IEEE 315-1975 (1993) 8.7.3.svg | [[Solar cell |
File:IEEE 315-1975 (1993) 8.7.3.svg | [[Solar cell|Solar (photovoltaic) cell]] |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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<gallery> |
<gallery> |
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===Resistors=== |
===Resistors=== |
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{{See also|Resistor}} |
{{See also|Resistor}} |
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It is very common for potentiometer and rheostat symbols to be used for many types of variable resistors |
It is very common for [[potentiometer]] and [[rheostat]] symbols to be used for many types of variable resistors and [[Trimmer_(electronics)#Resistors|trimmers]]. |
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<gallery widths="200px" heights="80px"> |
<gallery widths="200px" heights="80px"> |
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File:Resistor, Rheostat (variable resistor), and Potentiometer symbols.svg | [[ANSI]] |
File:Resistor, Rheostat (variable resistor), and Potentiometer symbols.svg | [[ANSI]]{{nbh}}style: (a) Resistor, (b) [[Rheostat]], (c) [[Potentiometer]] / [[Trimmer_(electronics)#Resistors|Trimmer]] |
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File:IEC resistors.svg | [[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]] |
File:IEC resistors.svg | [[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]]{{nbh}}style: (a) Resistor, (b) Rheostat, (c) Potentiometer / Trimmer |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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<gallery> |
<gallery> |
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File:IEEE 315 |
File:IEEE 315-1975 (1993) 2.1.13.svg | [[Photoresistor]] (ANSI) |
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File:IEEE 315-1975 (1993) 2.1.12.1.2.svg | [[Thermistor]] (ANSI).<ref>{{cite journal |title=Standards for Resistor Symbols |publisher=EETech Media |journal=EePower |url=https://eepower.com/resistor-guide/resistor-standards-and-codes/resistor-symbols/ |accessdate=September 13, 2021}}</ref> |
File:IEEE 315-1975 (1993) 2.1.12.1.2.svg | {{ubl|[[Thermistor]] (ANSI).<ref>{{cite journal |title=Standards for Resistor Symbols |publisher=EETech Media |journal=EePower |url=https://eepower.com/resistor-guide/resistor-standards-and-codes/resistor-symbols/ |accessdate=September 13, 2021}}</ref>|Use -t for NTC symbol.|Use +t for PTC symbol.}} |
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File:IEEE 315-1975 (1993) 2.1.6.a.svg | [[Varistor]] (ANSI) |
File:IEEE 315-1975 (1993) 2.1.6.a.svg | [[Varistor]] (ANSI) |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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{{See also|Capacitor}} |
{{See also|Capacitor}} |
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<gallery> |
<gallery> |
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File:IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (32).svg |
File:IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (32).svg | General capacitor (IEC{{nbh}}style); sometimes drawn with one plate curved<ref name=Sobering/> |
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File:IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols ( |
File:IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (38).svg | [[Variable capacitor|Variable]] capacitor |
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File:IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols ( |
File:IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (41).svg | Ganged (co{{nbh}}moving) [[variable capacitor]]s ([[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]]{{nbh}}style) |
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⚫ | |||
File:IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (41).svg | ''Ganged'' (co-moving) variable capacitors<br/>([[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]]-style) |
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File:IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (36).svg | Polarized capacitor (American{{nbh}}style), such as electrolytic and tantalum capacitors |
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⚫ | |||
</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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An inductor can be drawn either as a series of loops, or series of half-circles. |
An inductor can be drawn either as a series of loops, or series of half-circles. |
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<gallery> |
<gallery> |
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File:Coil illustration.svg | Inductor symbol |
File:Coil illustration.svg | Inductor symbol (series of loops) |
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File:IEC Inductor.svg | Air-core [[inductor]] |
File:IEC Inductor.svg | Air-core [[inductor]] ([[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]]{{nbh}}style) |
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File:IEC Inductor with magnetic core.svg | Magnetic-core [[inductor]] |
File:IEC Inductor with magnetic core.svg | Magnetic-core [[inductor]] (IEEE{{nbh}}style) |
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File:IEC Tapped inductor.svg | Tapped [[inductor]] |
File:IEC Tapped inductor.svg | Tapped [[inductor]] (IEC{{nbh}}style) |
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File:Ferrite bead ring.svg | [[Ferrite bead]] |
File:Ferrite bead ring.svg | [[Ferrite bead]] (IEEE{{nbh}}style) |
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File:Reguleeritav pool.jpg | Variable inductor |
File:Reguleeritav pool.jpg | Variable inductor |
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File:Seadepool.jpg | Trimmer variable inductor |
File:Seadepool.jpg | Trimmer variable inductor |
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===Transistors=== |
===Transistors=== |
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{{See also|Transistor}} |
{{See also|Transistor}} |
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Optionally, transistor symbols may include a circle.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.julesbartow.com/Construction/ANSI%20Y32.2-1975.pdf|title=ANSI Y32.2-1975|chapter=A4.11 Envelope or Enclosure|quote=The envelope or enclosure symbol may be omitted from a symbol referencing this paragraph, where confusion would not result}}</ref> Note: The pin letters B/C/E and G/D/S aren't part of the transistor symbols. |
Optionally, transistor symbols may include a circle.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.julesbartow.com/Construction/ANSI%20Y32.2-1975.pdf|title=ANSI Y32.2-1975|chapter=A4.11 Envelope or Enclosure|quote=The envelope or enclosure symbol may be omitted from a symbol referencing this paragraph, where confusion would not result|access-date=2020-12-29|archive-date=2022-10-09|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.julesbartow.com/Construction/ANSI%20Y32.2-1975.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Note: The pin letters B/C/E and G/D/S aren't part of the transistor symbols. |
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====Bipolar==== |
====Bipolar==== |
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File:IEEE 315-1975 (1993) 8.6.11.1.b.svg | [[JFET|P-channel junction gate field-effect transistor]] (JFET) |
File:IEEE 315-1975 (1993) 8.6.11.1.b.svg | [[JFET|P-channel junction gate field-effect transistor]] (JFET) |
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File:IGFET N-Ch Enh Labelled simplified.svg | [[Metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor]] (MOSFET) |
File:IGFET N-Ch Enh Labelled simplified.svg | [[Metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor]] (MOSFET) |
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File:Enh N channel Mosfet.svg | Enhancement mode, N |
File:Enh N channel Mosfet.svg | Enhancement mode, N{{nbh}}channel [[MOSFET]] |
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File:Enh P channel Mosfet 2.svg | Enhancement mode, P |
File:Enh P channel Mosfet 2.svg | Enhancement mode, P{{nbh}}channel [[MOSFET]] |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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File:Dioda symbol.svg | Vacuum tube [[diode]] |
File:Dioda symbol.svg | Vacuum tube [[diode]] |
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File:Trioda symbol.svg | Vacuum tube [[triode]] |
File:Trioda symbol.svg | Vacuum tube [[triode]] |
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File:Vacuum Tube Tetrode.svg | Vacuum tube [[tetrode]]<br/>(pin letters |
File:Vacuum Tube Tetrode.svg | Vacuum tube [[tetrode]]<br/>(pin letters not part of symbol) |
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File:Pentoda symbol.svg | Vacuum tube [[pentode]] |
File:Pentoda symbol.svg | Vacuum tube [[pentode]] |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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Note: The pin letters in these symbols aren't part of the standard relay symbol. |
Note: The pin letters in these symbols aren't part of the standard relay symbol. |
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<gallery> |
<gallery> |
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File:Relay symbols.svg | SPST, SPDT, DPST, DPDT relays |
File:Relay symbols.svg | SPST, SPDT, DPST, DPDT relays (American{{nbh}}style) |
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File:Relay-IEC.svg | SPDT relay |
File:Relay-IEC.svg | SPDT relay (IEC{{nbh}}style) |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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<gallery> |
<gallery> |
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File:Neon lamp schematics.svg | [[Neon lamp]] |
File:Neon lamp schematics.svg | [[Neon lamp]] |
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File:Indicating lamp.svg | Indicating lamp |
File:Indicating lamp.svg | Indicating lamp (IEEE{{nbh}}style) |
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File:Lamp symbol, old.svg | [[Incandescent lamp]] |
File:Lamp symbol, old.svg | [[Incandescent lamp]] |
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File:Lamp symbol.svg | [[ |
File:Lamp symbol.svg | Indicatory [[incandescent light bulb]] |
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File:Light bulb 3.svg | Light bulb |
File:Light bulb 3.svg | Light bulb |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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===Current limiters=== |
===Current limiters=== |
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<gallery> |
<gallery> |
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File:Fuces.svg | [[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]] [[Fuse (electrical)|fuse]] (b), equivalent symbols (a, c) (IEEE Std 315-1975) |
File:Fuces.svg | [[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]] [[Fuse (electrical)|fuse]] (b), equivalent symbols (a, c) {{awrap|(IEEE Std 315-1975)}} |
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File:Molded Case Circuit Breaker.svg | Molded-case [[circuit breaker]] (MCCB) |
File:Molded Case Circuit Breaker.svg | Molded-case [[circuit breaker]] (MCCB) |
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File:Fuse-basic-symbols.svg | [[Fuse (electrical)|Fuse]]: [[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]] (top) and American (lower two) |
File:Fuse-basic-symbols.svg | [[Fuse (electrical)|Fuse]]: [[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]] (top) and American (lower two) |
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<gallery> |
<gallery> |
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File:Phone Jack Symbols.svg | TRS [[Phone connector (audio)|phone jacks]] |
File:Phone Jack Symbols.svg | TRS [[Phone connector (audio)|phone jacks]] |
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File:UEXTPINS.jpg | [[UEXT]] connector based on [[Pin header#Shrouded or box header|shrouded |
File:UEXTPINS.jpg | [[UEXT]] connector based on a 5x2 [[Pin header#Shrouded or box header|shrouded header]] with notch key |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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{{See also|Electronic oscillator}} |
{{See also|Electronic oscillator}} |
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<gallery> |
<gallery> |
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File:IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (113).svg | [[Crystal oscillator]] |
File:IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (113).svg | [[Crystal oscillator]] (IEEE{{nbh}}style) |
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File:Schaltsymbol-Keramikresonator.svg | [[Ceramic resonator]] |
File:Schaltsymbol-Keramikresonator.svg | [[Ceramic resonator]] (3 pins) |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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File:Common Hall Sensor Symbol.png | [[Hall-effect sensor]] |
File:Common Hall Sensor Symbol.png | [[Hall-effect sensor]] |
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File:Symbol Surge Arrester.svg | [[Gas-discharge tube]]s (GDT) for [[Electrostatic discharge|ESD]] discharge |
File:Symbol Surge Arrester.svg | [[Gas-discharge tube]]s (GDT) for [[Electrostatic discharge|ESD]] discharge |
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File:Symbol Spark gap.svg | [[Spark gap]] |
File:Symbol Spark gap.svg | [[Spark gap]] for [[Electrostatic discharge|ESD]] discharge |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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Line 317: | Line 317: | ||
All of the following are obsolete capacitor symbols. |
All of the following are obsolete capacitor symbols. |
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<gallery> |
<gallery> |
||
File:Polarized capacitor symbol 5.png | Obsolete capacitor |
File:Polarized capacitor symbol 5.png | Obsolete capacitor (very old style) |
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File:Capacitor old.svg | Obsolete capacitor |
File:Capacitor old.svg | Obsolete capacitor |
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File:Capacitor old with polarity.svg | Obsolete capacitor |
File:Capacitor old with polarity.svg | Obsolete capacitor |
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Line 335: | Line 335: | ||
==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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;Standards |
;Standards |
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* [[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]] [http://std.iec.ch/iec60617 60617 : ''Graphical Symbols for Diagrams'']; 2012. |
* [[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]] [http://std.iec.ch/iec60617 60617 : ''Graphical Symbols for Diagrams'']; 2012. |
||
* [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers|IEEE]] [https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/985670/ 315 : ''Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronics Diagrams (including Reference Designation Letters)'']; 1975. |
* [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers|IEEE]] [https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/985670/ 315 : ''Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronics Diagrams (including Reference Designation Letters)'']; 1975. |
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* [[United States Department of Defense|U.S. DoD]] |
* [[United States Department of Defense|U.S. DoD]] MIL-STD-806B : ''Graphical Symbols for Logic Diagrams''; 1962. <small>[https://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=35975 (RevB in 1962)]</small> |
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;Books |
;Books |
Latest revision as of 16:54, 18 June 2024
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Circuit_elements.svg/400px-Circuit_elements.svg.png)
An electronic symbol is a pictogram used to represent various electrical and electronic devices or functions, such as wires, batteries, resistors, and transistors, in a schematic diagram of an electrical or electronic circuit. These symbols are largely standardized internationally today, but may vary from country to country, or engineering discipline, based on traditional conventions.
Standards for symbols[edit]
The graphic symbols used for electrical components in circuit diagrams are covered by national and international standards, in particular:
- IEC 60617 (also known as BS 3939).
- There is also IEC 61131-3 – for ladder-logic symbols.
- JIC JIC (Joint Industrial Council) symbols as approved and adopted by the NMTBA (National Machine Tool Builders Association). They have been extracted from the Appendix of the NMTBA Specification EGPl-1967.
- ANSI Y32.2-1975 (also known as IEEE Std 315-1975[1] or CSA Z99-1975).
- IEEE Std 91/91a: graphic symbols for logic functions (used in digital electronics). It is referenced in ANSI Y32.2/IEEE Std 315.
- Australian Standard AS 1102 (based on a slightly modified version of IEC 60617; withdrawn without replacement with a recommendation to use IEC 60617).
The standards do not all agree, and use of unusual (even if standardized) symbols can lead to confusion and errors.[2] Symbols usage is sometimes idiosyncratic to engineering disciplines, and national or local variations to international standards exist. For example, lighting and power symbols used as part of architectural drawings may be different from symbols for devices used in electronics.
Common electronic symbols[edit]
Symbols shown are typical examples, not a complete list.[3][4]
Traces[edit]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Wire_Crossover_Symbols_for_Circuit_Diagrams.png/500px-Wire_Crossover_Symbols_for_Circuit_Diagrams.png)
Grounds[edit]
The shorthand for ground is GND. Optionally, the triangle in the middle symbol may be filled in.
-
Signal/low-noise ground (the asterisk is not part of the symbol)
-
Chassis ground (IEC‑style)
Sources[edit]
-
Battery, single-cell
-
Battery, multi-cell
-
DC voltage source
-
Controlled DC voltage source
-
Current source
-
Controlled current source
-
AC voltage source
Resistors[edit]
It is very common for potentiometer and rheostat symbols to be used for many types of variable resistors and trimmers.
-
IEC‑style: (a) Resistor, (b) Rheostat, (c) Potentiometer / Trimmer
-
Photoresistor (ANSI)
-
- Thermistor (ANSI).[5]
- Use -t for NTC symbol.
- Use +t for PTC symbol.
-
Varistor (ANSI)
Capacitors[edit]
-
General capacitor (IEC‑style); sometimes drawn with one plate curved[2]
-
Variable capacitor
-
Ganged (co‑moving) variable capacitors (IEC‑style)
-
Trimmer variable capacitor
-
Polarized capacitor (American‑style), such as electrolytic and tantalum capacitors
Diodes[edit]
Optionally, the triangle in these symbols may be filled in. Note: The words anode and cathode typically aren't part of the diode symbols.
-
Diode (rectifier)
-
Light-emitting diode (LED)
-
Diac (may be a varistor in older schematics)
-
Opto-isolator: LED (left), photo transistor (right)
Bridge rectifiers[edit]
There are many ways to draw a single-phase bridge rectifier symbol. Some show the internal diode circuit, some don't.
-
Bridge rectifier
-
Bridge rectifier
-
Bridge rectifier
-
Bridge rectifier
-
Three-phase bridge rectifier
Inductors[edit]
An inductor can be drawn either as a series of loops, or series of half-circles.
-
Inductor symbol (series of loops)
-
Magnetic-core inductor (IEEE‑style)
-
Tapped inductor (IEC‑style)
-
Ferrite bead (IEEE‑style)
-
Variable inductor
-
Trimmer variable inductor
Transformers[edit]
-
Transformer with center tap on secondary winding (right side)
-
Transformer with two secondary windings (right side)
-
Zero-sequence current transformer (ZSCT) (also known as a window-type current transformer)
-
Bushing-type current transformer
-
Voltage transformer
Transistors[edit]
Optionally, transistor symbols may include a circle.[6] Note: The pin letters B/C/E and G/D/S aren't part of the transistor symbols.
Bipolar[edit]
-
NPN Phototransistor
Unipolar[edit]
Vacuum tubes[edit]
-
Vacuum tube diode
-
Vacuum tube triode
-
Vacuum tube tetrode
(pin letters not part of symbol) -
Vacuum tube pentode
Switches[edit]
For multiple pole switches, a dotted or dashed line can be included to indicate two or more switch at the same time (see DPST and DPDT examples below).
-
Pushbutton, normally open, push-to-make (horizontal line on top)
-
Pushbutton, normally open, push-to-make (IEEE-style)
-
Pushbutton, normally closed, push-to-break (IEEE-style)
-
Pushbutton, normally closed, two circuits (IEEE-style)
-
Switch, 1P1T, SPST (single-pole single-throw)
-
Switch, 1P2T, SPDT (single-pole double-throw)
-
Switch, 2P1T, DPST (double-pole single-throw)
-
Switch, 2P2T, DPDT (double-pole double-throw)
-
Slide switch, 1P3T,
break-before-make, nonshorting style -
Slide switch, 1P4T,
break-before-make, nonshorting style -
Slide switch, 1P4T,
make-before-break, shorting style
-
Rotary switch, 1P3T,
break-before-make, nonshorting style -
Rotary switch, 1P4T,
break-before-make, nonshorting style -
Rotary switch, 1P4T,
make-before-break, shorting style
-
Reed switch, normally open
Relays[edit]
Relays symbols are a combination of an inductor symbol and switch symbol.
Note: The pin letters in these symbols aren't part of the standard relay symbol.
-
SPST, SPDT, DPST, DPDT relays (American‑style)
-
SPDT relay (IEC‑style)
Lamps[edit]
LED is located in diode section.
-
Indicating lamp (IEEE‑style)
-
Indicatory incandescent light bulb
-
Light bulb
Current limiters[edit]
-
Molded-case circuit breaker (MCCB)
Electro-acoustic devices[edit]
Speaker symbols sometimes include an internal inductor symbol.
-
Loudspeaker
(IEEE-style) -
Buzzer
(IEC-style) -
Microphone
(IEEE-style) -
Microphone
(IEC-style)
Antennas[edit]
-
General antenna
(IEC-style) -
Dipole antenna
(IEC-style) -
Loop antenna
(IEC-style) -
Loop antenna
(IEEE-style)
Cables[edit]
-
Cable, Shielded 1 conductor
-
Cable, 2 conductor
-
Cable, Shielded 2 conductor with shield connected to ground
-
Cable, 5 conductor
-
Cable, Shielded 5 conductor
Connectors[edit]
There are numerous connector symbol variations.
-
TRS phone jacks
-
UEXT connector based on a 5x2 shrouded header with notch key
ICs[edit]
Logic gates[edit]
For the symbols below: A and B are inputs, Q is output. Note: These letters are not part of the symbols.
There are variations of these logic gate symbols. Depending on the IC, the two-input gates below may have: 1) two or more inputs; 2) infrequently some have a second inverted Q output too.
-
Inverter (NOT)
The above logic symbols may have additional I/O variations too: 1) schmitt trigger inputs, 2) tri-state outputs, 3) open-collector or open-drain outputs (not shown).
-
Buffer gate with schmitt trigger input
-
Buffer gate with tri-state output control.
(B is the tri-state control)
Flip-flops[edit]
For the symbols below: Q is output, Q is inverted output, E is enable input, internal triangle shape is clock input, S is Set, R is Reset (some datasheets use clear (CLR) instead of reset along the bottom).
There are variations of these flip-flop symbols. Depending on the IC, a flip-flop may have: 1) one or both outputs (Q only, Q only, both Q & Q); 2) one or both forced inputs along top & bottom (R only, S only, both R & S); 3) some inputs may be inverted.
-
Simple SR flip-flop (inverted S & R inputs)
-
Gated SR flip-flop
-
Gated D flip-flop (Transparent Latch)
-
Clocked D flip-flop
(Set & Reset inputs) -
Clocked JK flip-flop
-
Clocked T flip-flop
OpAmps[edit]
Note: The outside text isn't part of these symbols.
-
Operational amplifier (opamp)
Oscillators[edit]
-
Crystal oscillator (IEEE‑style)
-
Ceramic resonator (3 pins)
Miscellaneous devices[edit]
-
Gas-discharge tubes (GDT) for ESD discharge
Historical electronic symbols[edit]
The shape of some electronic symbols have changed over time. The following historical electronic symbols can be found in old electronic books / magazines / schematics, and now considered obsolete.
Capacitors (historical)[edit]
All of the following are obsolete capacitor symbols.
-
Obsolete capacitor (very old style)
-
Obsolete capacitor
-
Obsolete capacitor
-
Obsolete capacitor
-
Obsolete capacitor
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "IEEE Standard American National Standard Canadian Standard Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronics Diagrams (Including Reference Designation Letters)," in IEEE Std 315-1975 (Reaffirmed 1993), vol., no., pp.i-244, 1993, doi:10.1109/IEEESTD.1993.93397.
- ^ a b Sobering, Tim (April 2008). Guidelines for Drawing Schematics.
- ^ Circuit Symbols for all Electronic Components. Talking Electronics, 2013. Retrieved 01 Apr 2015.
- ^ Electrical Symbols & Electronic Symbols. RapidTables, 2012. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
- ^ "Standards for Resistor Symbols". EePower. EETech Media. Retrieved September 13, 2021.
- ^ "A4.11 Envelope or Enclosure". ANSI Y32.2-1975 (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2020-12-29.
The envelope or enclosure symbol may be omitted from a symbol referencing this paragraph, where confusion would not result
Further reading[edit]
- Standards
- IEC 60617 : Graphical Symbols for Diagrams; 2012.
- IEEE 315 : Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronics Diagrams (including Reference Designation Letters); 1975.
- U.S. DoD MIL-STD-806B : Graphical Symbols for Logic Diagrams; 1962. (RevB in 1962)
- Books
- Beginner's Guide to Reading Schematics; 4th Ed; Stan Gibilisco; McGraw-Hill, 224 pages; 2018; ISBN 978-1260031119.
- How to Read Schematic Diagrams; 5th Ed; Donald Herrington; Literary Licensing; 130 pages; 2011; ISBN 978-0672224577. (4ed in 1986)(2ed in 1967)
- How to Read Electronic Circuit Diagrams; 2nd Ed; Robert Brown, Paul Lawrence, James Whitson; Tab Books; 214 pages; 1988; ISBN 978-0830628803. (2ed in 1988)
- Engineer's Mini-Notebook : Schematic Symbols, Device Packages, Design and Testing; 1st Ed; Forrest M. Mims III; Radio Shack; 48 pages; 1988. (1ed in 1988)
External links[edit]
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