Body temperature, activity and melatonin profiles in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and delayed sleep: a case-control study
- PMID: 23952346
- DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12075
Body temperature, activity and melatonin profiles in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and delayed sleep: a case-control study
Abstract
Irregular sleep-wake patterns and delayed sleep times are common in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, but mechanisms underlying these problems are unknown. The present case-control study examined whether circadian abnormalities underlie these sleep problems in a naturalistic home setting. We included 12 medication-naïve patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and delayed sleep phase syndrome, and 12 matched healthy controls. We examined associations between sleep/wake rhythm in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and circadian parameters (i.e. salivary melatonin concentrations, core and skin temperatures, and activity patterns) of the patients and controls during five consecutive days and nights. Daily bedtimes were more variable within patients compared with controls (F = 8.19, P < 0.001), but melatonin profiles were equally stable within individuals. Dim-light melatonin onset was about 1.5 h later in the patient group (U = 771, Z = -4.63, P < 0.001). Patients slept about 1 h less on nights before work days compared with controls (F = 11.21, P = 0.002). The interval between dim-light melatonin onset and sleep onset was on average 1 h longer in patients compared with controls (U = 1117, Z = -2.62, P = 0.009). This interval was even longer in patients with extremely late chronotype. Melatonin, activity and body temperatures were delayed to comparable degrees in patients. Overall temperatures were lower in patients than controls. Sleep-onset difficulties correlated with greater distal-proximal temperature gradient (DPG; i.e. colder hands, r(2) = -0.32, P = 0.028) in patients. Observed day-to-day bedtime variability of individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and delayed sleep phase syndrome were not reflected in their melatonin profiles. Irregular sleep-wake patterns and delayed sleep in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and delayed sleep phase syndrome are associated with delays and dysregulations of the core and skin temperatures.
Keywords: circadian rhythm; core body temperature; delayed sleep phase syndrome; dim-light melatonin onset; skin temperature.
© 2013 European Sleep Research Society.
Similar articles
-
A systematic review of circadian function, chronotype and chronotherapy in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Atten Defic Hyperact Disord. 2017 Sep;9(3):129-147. doi: 10.1007/s12402-016-0214-5. Epub 2017 Jan 7. Atten Defic Hyperact Disord. 2017. PMID: 28064405 Review.
-
Circadian Melatonin and Temperature Taus in Delayed Sleep-wake Phase Disorder and Non-24-hour Sleep-wake Rhythm Disorder Patients: An Ultradian Constant Routine Study.J Biol Rhythms. 2016 Aug;31(4):387-405. doi: 10.1177/0748730416650069. Epub 2016 Jun 16. J Biol Rhythms. 2016. PMID: 27312974
-
Sleep and Circadian Rhythmicity in Adult ADHD and the Effect of Stimulants.J Atten Disord. 2017 Jan;21(1):14-26. doi: 10.1177/1087054713479663. Epub 2016 Jul 28. J Atten Disord. 2017. PMID: 23509113 Review.
-
Objective measures of sleep and dim light melatonin onset in adolescents and young adults with delayed sleep phase disorder compared to healthy controls.J Sleep Res. 2013 Aug;22(4):365-72. doi: 10.1111/jsr.12030. Epub 2013 Jan 30. J Sleep Res. 2013. PMID: 23363423
-
Delayed circadian rhythm in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and chronic sleep-onset insomnia.Biol Psychiatry. 2010 Jun 1;67(11):1091-6. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.12.032. Epub 2010 Feb 16. Biol Psychiatry. 2010. PMID: 20163790
Cited by
-
ADHD, chronotype, and circadian preference in a multi-site sample of college students.J Sleep Res. 2024 Feb;33(1):e13994. doi: 10.1111/jsr.13994. Epub 2023 Jul 12. J Sleep Res. 2024. PMID: 37437906
-
Associations of circadian factors with insomnia symptoms and emotional and behavioral problems among school-age children.J Clin Sleep Med. 2021 Oct 1;17(10):2107-2114. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.9346. J Clin Sleep Med. 2021. PMID: 34606443 Free PMC article.
-
DNA methylome perturbations: an epigenetic basis for the emergingly heritable neurodevelopmental abnormalities associated with maternal smoking and maternal nicotine exposure†.Biol Reprod. 2021 Sep 14;105(3):644-666. doi: 10.1093/biolre/ioab138. Biol Reprod. 2021. PMID: 34270696 Free PMC article. Review.
-
The Intergenerational Transmission of Developmental Nicotine Exposure-Induced Neurodevelopmental Disorder-Like Phenotypes is Modulated by the Chrna5 D397N Polymorphism in Adolescent Mice.Behav Genet. 2021 Nov;51(6):665-684. doi: 10.1007/s10519-021-10071-x. Epub 2021 Jun 23. Behav Genet. 2021. PMID: 34159514 Free PMC article.
-
Efficacy and Safety of Melatonin Treatment in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-A Review of the Literature.Brain Sci. 2020 Apr 7;10(4):219. doi: 10.3390/brainsci10040219. Brain Sci. 2020. PMID: 32272607 Free PMC article. Review.
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Medical